Values Clarification

Question 1

What is the milieu in which nursing care occurs?

Answer 1

Therapeutic Relationship

Question 2

What is context or setting in which something occurs?

Answer 2

Milieu

Question 3

Nursing practice is shaped by the caregiver’s ability to ___ on the interests, concerns, and needs of the individual.

Answer 3

focus

Question 4

Establishing a ___ relationship is critical to problem resolution.

Answer 4

therapeutic

Question 5

The nurse–person relationship comprises the key components of knowing each other, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 5

reciprocity

respect

confidence

Question 6

Even in brief interactions, it is critical to communicate a focus on and ___ for the person.

Answer 6

concern

Question 7

Across delivery settings, the importance of the nurse–person relationship cannot be forgotten or minimized because of ___ constraints.

Answer 7

time

Question 8

Particularly in health promotion, the nurse-___ relationship is the context for care.

Answer 8

person

Question 9

Whay requires sensitivity to each person’s goals and values, both the individual’s and the nurses?

Answer 9

Health Promotion

Question 10

The health-promoter ___ respond to several existing challenges, which include the following:

• The relative importance of health promotion increasing (e.g., increased burden of chronic disease, concern for health inequalities)
• Misunderstanding of the role and best use of health-promoter positions
• Diversity of potential training paths
• A lack of consistency in health-promotion position descriptions
• A need to better align training programs and continuing education with workforce needs

Answer 10

competencies

Question 11

Definition

What are qualities, principles, attitudes, or beliefs about the inherent worth of an object, behaviour, or idea that guide action by sanctioning certain actions and disavowing others?

Answer 11

Values

Question 12

Definition

What are essential factors in design and implementation of nursing interventions?

Answer 12

Values

Beliefs

Question 13

Definition

To serve the unique and diverse needs of individuals, it is imperative that nurses understand the importance of ___ differences by valuing, incorporating, and examining their own health-related values and beliefs and those of their health care organizations, for only then can they support the principle of respect for persons and the ideal of trans___ care.

Answer 13

cultural x 2

Question 14

Definition

Which values are those a person ascribes to verbally and intellectually?

Answer 14

Cognitive

Question 15

Definition

Which values are those a person physically acts out?

Answer 15

Active

Question 16

Definition

Judging the power of a given value by its ability to influence ___ is important.

For example, a nurse may claim to value the worth of all people equally but may treat individuals of various races differently and provide the most time and concern for those who are racially similar to the nurse.

This ___ value has little power to shape the nurse’s behaviour.

If the nurse treated people of all races with equal respect, the value would also be ___ and have great power to motivate behaviour.

Answer 16

action

cognitive

active

Question 17

Definition

What can be passed down from one generation to another colouring an individual’s identity, goals, and sense of personal meaning?

Answer 17

Values

Question 18

Definition

What are embedded in the culture and taught within a family and social context, giving meaning to the life events and happenings outside the family’s boundaries?

Answer 18

Values

Question 19

Definition

To engage in health promotion, the nurse must appreciate that ___ are culture bound and explore how culture, traditions, and practices in a multiethnic and multicultural society influence health-related ___.

Answer 19

values x 2

Question 20

Definition

The Valuing Process

___

• ___ freely
• ___ from alternatives
• ___ after careful consideration of potential outcomes of each alternative

___

• Cherishing and being happy with personal beliefs and actions
• Affirming the choice in public, when appropriate

___
* ___ out the choice
* Repeatedly ___ in some type of pattern

Answer 20

Choosing X 4

Prizing

Acting x 2

acting

Question 21

Definition

Techniques for Assisting Individuals to _ Values

Identify the Individual’s Values

“What is important to you?”

“Which of the following statements sounds most like the way you think?”

“What do you value most in life?”

Use ___ to Restate the Value and Make It Explicit

“In what you’ve just told me, I hear that it is very important to you that …”

“I understand that you value …”

Identify Value Conflicts or Conflicts Between Values and ___

“What connection does this value have to your current health or illness and to the healthy behaviours, interventions, or treatments needed to maintain or restore your health?”

“How does this particular value affect your behaviour and health?”

“What are some ways that you might put your values into ___?”

“Are your ___ consistent with your values? If not, then what might you change?”

Answer 21

Clarify

Reflection

Actions

actions x 2

Question 22

Definition

What evolves and are not static?

Answer 22

Values

Question 23

Definition

Life events and social processes can spark a reappraisal of ___ values.

Answer 23

personal

Question 24

Definition

What is a method for discovering one’s values and the importance of these values?

Answer 24

Values Clarification

Question 25

Definition

What does not tell a person how to act, but it helps people recognize what values they hold and evaluate how those values influence their actions?

Answer 25

Values Clarification

Question 26

Definition

Values Clarification:

The first three steps involve a ___ process, the next two steps involve the affective or ___ domain, and the final steps involve ___.

Answer 26

cognitive

emotional

behaviour

7 Steps

Question 27

Definition

What does the nurse use to examine personal values and their potential influence on nursing care, and to help people identify their values and reflect on their connection to health-related behaviours?

Answer 27

Values Clarification

Question 28

Definition

What requires exploration of both overt and covert factors that affect our perceptions and actions?

Answer 28

Values Clarification

Question 29

Definition

Which process entails taking a virtual flashlight to shine light on our past and current life experiences to examine the values that shape our attitudes and behaviour?

Answer 29

Values Clarification

Question 30

Definition

Fundamental Patterns of Knowing

Answer 30

Question 31

Definition

Values clarification becomes a clinical aim when individuals’ values lead to behaviours that conflict with the nurse’s value of promoting health.

For example, a nurse tells a childbirth education class consisting of pregnant women and their coaches that alcohol use poses serious risks to the fetus.

After the class, one woman comments, “Do you really think that having a drink once in a while is bad for the baby? I’m sick of being told that I can’t do things because of the baby.”

In this example, an apparent conflict in values between the nurse and the individual exists.

Intervention is needed to examine how this woman’s wish for freedom from restrictions clashes with her ___ to have a healthy child.

Nurses must consider their own values related to health promotion for the individual and the fetus and must weigh the importance of respecting individuals’ rights to make decisions about their own health behaviours with potential risks to the fetus.

Such value conflicts result in ___ dilemmas.

Resolution rests on the nurse’s ability to examine conflicting values and available evidence about possible ___ when fashioning health-promotion interventions.

Sharing the evidence to support the clinical ___ also helps to reduce a judgemental message in the communication and opens communication for discussion about the strength of the evidence and its practical implications for health behaviours.

Answer 31

desire

ethical

outcomes

recommendation

Question 32

Which practice is engaging with patients, families, and communities as nurses as a continual process?

Answer 32

Relational

Question 33

Which practice is how we communicate and “be” with people as a nursing art form?

Answer 33

Relational

Question 34

What describes how we relate to others in our practice?

Answer 34

Relational

Question 35

Which interactions occur through therapeutic interactions and nursing knowledge?

Answer 35

Relational

Question 36

Which pratice area includes the application and embedding of the ways of knowing?

Answer 36

Relational Practice

Question 37

What are the four ways of knowing?

Answer 37

Ethical

Aestheic

Emirical

Personal

Question 38

What is the application of one’s cognitions, perceptions, and behaviours to create interpersonal encounters that promote health in another person, family, group, or community?

Answer 38

Therapeutic Use of Self

Question 39

Without self-___ and clarification of ___, therapeutic use of self is impaired.

Answer 39

awareness

values

Question 40

Self-___ and self-___ are interrelated components of individuals’ judgements and attitudes about themselves.

Answer 40

concept

esteem

Question 41

What is a mental picture of the self: a composite view of personal characteristics, abilities, limitations, and aspirations?

Answer 41

Self-Concept

Question 42

What is the affective component of self-perception?

Answer 42

Self-Esteem

Question 43

What refers to how individuals feel about the way that they see themselves?

Answer 43

Self-Esteem

Question 44

Internalized appraisals from others also influence self-___ and self-___.

Answer 44

concept

esteem

Question 45

Self-___ evolves throughout life. From birth, family experiences and parental identification mould the child’s sense of identity.

Answer 45

concept

Question 46

Self-___ is learned from experience.

Answer 46

esteem

Question 47

To cultivate children’s self-___ and enable them to have a realistic perception of their strengths and weaknesses, parents should focus on positives, give feedback on abilities and limitations, and provide the child with a sense of belonging and realistic confidence.

Answer 47

esteem

Question 48

The self does not develop solely in response to the reflected appraisals of others. Genetic endowment, experiential opportunities, and the individual’s action shape self-___.

Answer 48

concept

Question 49

People can accept or reject the ___ of others and modify their behaviour.

Answer 49

appraisals

Question 50

The ability to examine, reflect on, and evaluate the self is a uniquely human talent.

Self-___ involves interactions between the self and the external world and the symbolic connections created by the individual.

Answer 50

awareness

Question 51

What is influenced by the degree to which an individual has an accurate concept of all dimensions of the self?

Answer 51

Self-Awareness

Question 52

The first step is ___ to oneself and paying attention to emotions, thoughts, memories, reactions, and impulses.

The first step is ___ to oneself and paying attention to emotions, thoughts, memories, reactions, and impulses.

Frequently, people ignore their feelings and thoughts because they are anxious or because they are in a hurry to accomplish some other task.

Without self-___, people act automatically and lose some of the meaning of living.

The second step is listening to and ___ from others.

Feedback from others that conflicts with self-image can produce anxiety. In response, the feedback is ignored or translated incorrectly to preserve self-image and reduce anxiety.

However, this pattern of responding limits ___ of the self and inhibits the ability to examine the appraisals of others, resulting in limited personal growth.

Asking reflective questions enables the nurse to use feedback effectively.

Helpful questions include “What feedback have I received today?” and “What is the other person trying to tell me now?”

A person also can ask others directly for feedback.

For example, a student nurse might ask another student how he or she comes across.

The feedback might be used to alter aspects of behaviour that are ineffective or problematic before the student nurse asks a faculty member for evaluative feedback.

Using clinical supervision and consultation with colleagues provides needed opportunity for reflection on practice.

How the nurse comes across to the individual, family, or community is crucial to successful health promotion, making self-awareness and sensitivity to feedback essential.

The third step is self-___; sharing aspects of one’s self enriches interpersonal life.

Through self-reflection/self-___, people come to know themselves better because they have exposed their thoughts, actions, and feelings for examination with others.

Answer 52

listening

reflection

learning

knowledge

disclosure

Question 53

To improve the ability of self-___, ask questions such as the following:

• What am I feeling now?
• What emotions have I experienced today and in the past day or so? What were my thoughts?
• What events led to these thoughts and feelings?
• What actions did I take? Did my behaviour fit with my thoughts and feelings, or was there a lack of harmony?
• Was I aware of my reactions at the time that they occurred?
• How have I responded in clinical situations lately?
• How did I react in response to a particularly happy, sad, or difficult situation?
• In what way might I alter my actions now?
• What feelings and reactions did I experience while interacting with this individual?

Answer 53

reflection

Question 54

What is an indicator of a healthy personality and a strategy for developing one?

Answer 54

Self - Disclosure

Question 55

Self-___ by one person tends to trigger self-___ by another in a reciprocal pattern of interaction.

Answer 55

disclosure

Question 56

Therapeutic interactions characterized by ___ involve a mutual exchange - a pattern of communication between the nurse and an individual, not a one-way intervention from the nurse to the other person.

Answer 56

reciprocity

Question 57

What have clinicians traditionally been wary of because it may cross a boundary from a professional to a personal relationship?

Answer 57

Self-Disclosure

Question 58

The nurse’s self-___might burden the individual and shift the focus of attention from the individual to the nurse.

Although there are guidelines to consider so as to prevent excessive or inappropriate self-___, appreciation that self-___occurs within all human interactions is needed.

Answer 58

disclosure x 3

Question 59

Two factors must be taken into consideration during self-disclosure: the notion of ___ and recognition of the ___ of patients and families in a health care context.

Answer 59

power

vulnerabilities

Question 60

What do nurses decide to do based on context and individual characteristics?

Answer 60

Self-Disclose

Question 61

What makes nurses not blank screens, robots, or technicians delivering care?

Answer 61

Self-Disclosure

Question 62

What involves deliberating on one’s own thoughts and recollections of events to understand them and to take needed corrective action?

Answer 62

Practical Reflection (Self-Reflection)

Question 63

What process tends to be triggered by a seminal or meaningful event or situation, and results in increased understanding or awareness?

Answer 63

Practical Reflection (Self-Reflection)

Question 64

What is associated with lowered practice stress and increased competence among nursing students?

Answer 64

Self-Reflection

Question 65

The process of practical reflection dovetails with steps toward self-___ and offers complementary helpful tips.

Answer 65

awareness

Question 66

What does the passage below describe?

First, the nurse recalls an incident when something went wrong.

Then, the nurse experiences the incident again by remembering images and by privately retelling events, statements, outcomes, and associated emotions.

Next, the nurse interprets the story of communication that failed by examining expectations, ideals, goals, influences, personal actions, and others’ actions that occurred during the event.

The last step involves honest inspection of the nurse’s own role in the story.

Insights gained may be applied to prevent repetition of the problem and to plan future action

Answer 66

Self-Reflection

Question 67

Components of the Self

• The ___ self, which is shown to others
• The ___ self, which is seen by others but may be outside the individual’s awareness
• The ___ self, which is known to the individual but is not revealed to others
• The ___ self, which is the unconscious portion not known even to the individual because it has anxiety-provoking content

Answer 67

public

semipublic

private

inner

Question 68

The nurse’s ___ and self-understanding influence behaviour.

Answer 68

values

Question 69

The ___ is the nurse’s greatest tool: to use the ___ effectively, the nurse must be fully aware of how it functions.

Answer 69

self

Question 70

Sensitivity to individuals’ perspectives is required to build a collaborative partnership, the cornerstone of the nurse-___ relationship.

Answer 70

person

Question 71

Helping individuals to explicate their ___ and direct their ___ accordingly toward health-related goals embodies patient-centred care.

Answer 71

values

actions

Question 72

Nurses must be mindful of the various forms of communication and, in doing so, will promote empathic and holistic communication between themselves and their patients, thus promoting a patient-___ approach.

Answer 72

centered

Question 73

Moreover, nurses must recognize the patient as the source of ___ and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs.

Answer 73

control

Question 74

In today’s multi___ society, sensitivity to one’s values as a health care provider and those of persons for whom we care becomes crucial to delivery of person-centred effective care.

Answer 74

cultural