The Communication Process

Question 1

What is the forum for all thought and relationships shared among people?

Answer 1

Communication Process

Question 2

What is an essential tool for the nurse to engage in health-promotion interventions?

Answer 2

Communication Process

Question 3

What is the foundation for any professional relationship?

Answer 3

Communication

Question 4

What plays a vital role in the formation and development of the nurse–patient relationship?

Answer 4

Communication

Question 5

What is an information exchange between individuals through shared symbols and signs and commonly understood behaviour?

Answer 5

Communication

Question 6

Which exchange involves all the modes of behaviour that an individual uses, consciously or unconsciously, to affect another person?

Answer 6

Communication

Question 7

What includes the spoken and written word and nonverbal communication (gestures, facial expressions, movement, body messages or signals, and artistic symbols)?

Answer 7

Communication

Question 8

In which process has an error or ineffective attempt at been identified as a major source of personal and health care delivery safety problems?

Answer 8

Communication

Question 9

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Receive everyone with a welcoming smile and maintain a friendly attitude throughout the visit.

Answer 9

Greet Patients Warmly

Question 10

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Make appropriate ___ contact throughout the interaction.

Answer 10

eye

Question 11

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Try not to interrupt patients when they are talking. Pay attention and be responsive to the issues they raise and the questions they ask.

Answer 11

Listen Carefully

Question 12

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Do not use ___ words. Use common words that you would use to explain ___ information to your friends or family, such as stomach or belly instead of abdomen.

Answer 12

medical x 2

Question 13

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Take note of what ___ the patient uses to describe his or her illness and use them in your conversation.

Answer 13

words

Question 14

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Speak clearly and at a ___ pace.

Answer 14

moderate

Question 15

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Prioritize what needs to be discussed, and ___ information to three to five key points and ___ them.

Answer 15

limit

repeat

Question 16

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Be ___ and concrete. Do not use vague and subjective terms that can be interpreted in different ways.

Answer 16

specific

Question 17

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Show ___. Draw pictures, use illustrations, or demonstrate what you mean with three-dimensional models. All pictures and models should be simple, designed to demonstrate only the important concepts, without detailed anatomy.

Answer 17

graphics

Question 18

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

___ how it is done. Whether doing exercises or taking medicine, a ___ of how to do something may be clearer than a verbal explanation.

Answer 18

Demonstrate

demonstration

Question 19

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Invite patient ___. Encourage patients to ask questions and be involved in the conversation during visits and to be proactive in their health care.

Answer 19

participation

Question 20

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Encourage patients to ask ___.

Answer 20

questions

Question 21

Clearly/Enhance Health Literacy Capacity

Confirm patients understand what they need to know and do by asking them to ___-___ important information, such as directions.

Answer 21

teach-back

Question 22

What is increasingly electronically?

Answer 22

Communication

Question 23

What are some platforms of telecommunications and data technologies that deliver health care services, including assessment/diagnostic services, treatment, consultation, and health information?

Answer 23

Telehealth

Mobile Health (mhealth)

Internet health (ihealth)

It is rapidly growing as a communication/intervention system. Such electronic communication can encompass the spoken and written word, and nonverbal forms of communication.

Question 24

What are issues including access, technology competence, and sensory capacity (such as eyesight and hearing) and its influence on the effectiveness of telehealth as communication medium highlight?

Answer 24

Health Literacy

Question 25

What can play a crucial role in access to and the effectiveness of Internet-based health information and intervention delivery?

Answer 25

Social Determinants of Health

Question 26

Evaluation of Internet-based health education and intervention systems, including ___, is a critical goal for translation of research to practice.

Answer 26

access

Question 27

What is the cornerstone of a positive nurse–person relationship in nursing?

Answer 27

Communication

Question 28

What refers to a set of strategies and actions to enhance reciprocity, mutual understanding, and decision making?

Answer 28

Communication

Question 29

Focusing the clinical discussion on the person’s story rather than a version reformulated by the provider is essential to ___-centred communication.

Answer 29

person

Question 30

Nurses use ___ records and communicate updated information via handheld devices.

Answer 30

electronic

Question 31

What are three telecommunications and data technologies that deliver health care services, including diagnostic services, treatment, consultation, and health information?

Answer 31

Telehealth
mHealth
iHealth

Question 32

What is best understood as a complementary approach to long-distance care delivery and is faster and easily delivered contact rather than a replacement of traditional care?

Answer 32

Telehealth

Question 33

What has the potential to expand access to care, particularly for individuals receiving home care and those in remote areas, and to contain costs?

Answer 33

Telehealth

Question 34

Technological advances have produced benefits; however, technology can also reduce the need for direct ___ contact.

Answer 34

interpersonal

Question 35

The avoidance of a “___ ___ ___ ___” approach through individualized or tailored algorithms and design features specific to the system’s use.

Innovative Practices to Safeguard Core Professional Values in the Emerging Age of Telehealth

Answer 35

one size fits all

Question 36

Clinician behaviours that facilitate a patient-centerd style of communication include using ___-ended questions, building partnerships, sharing decision making and information, providing counselling, and using statements of concern, agreement, and approval.

Innovative Practices to Safeguard Core Professional Values in the Emerging Age of Telehealth

Answer 36

open

Question 37

Which communication style successfully addresses individual needs and is associated with greater patient satisfaction, better psychosocial adjustment, and improved health outcomes?

Innovative Practices to Safeguard Core Professional Values in the Emerging Age of Telehealth

Answer 37

Patient Centered Care

Question 38

The development and maintenance of ___ relationships by inviting exchanges between the nurse and the person; for example, by creating a series of layered screens that first introduce the nurse (visually and with a biography) and later invite exchanges, feedback, and sharing of experiences and stories from individuals.

Innovative Practices to Safeguard Core Professional Values in the Emerging Age of Telehealth

Answer 38

therapeutic

Question 39

The fostering of individual ___ by building components that encourage decision making, problem solving, and knowledge development that are timely and specific to the health problem and stage of treatment or management.

Innovative Practices to Safeguard Core Professional Values in the Emerging Age of Telehealth

Answer 39

autonomy

Question 40

Patient-centred ___ is one of the key components of patient-centeredness when providing care and represents the most important enabler of patient-centred care.

Answer 40

communication

Question 41

Studies of patient-centred ___ show improved patient satisfaction and adherence, as well as improved health outcomes, such as reduced levels of discomfort and worry, and better mental health.

Answer 41

communication

Question 42

The following are core functions of communication:

To ___ and ___ messages and to retain information.

To use the ___ to arrive at new conclusions, to reconstruct the past, and to look forward to future events.

To begin and to modify ___ processes.

To ___ others and outside events.

Answer 42

obtain, send

information

physiological

influence

Question 43

What transmits information, both interpersonally and intrapersonally and provides the basis for action?

Answer 43

Communication

Question 44

What are the four components of the communication process?

Answer 44

Input

Output

Feedback

Feedback Loop

Question 45

What involves taking in information from outside the individual or group?

Answer 45

Input

Question 46

What must be transformed in some manner to be used once taken in?

Answer 46

Input

Question 47

What involves symbols being translated into words to transmit ideas?

Answer 47

Input

Question 48

The flow and transformation of processed ___ refers to the way information is analyzed and stored within the individual or the way it is transmitted from person to person within a human system (group or family) before communication with the external environment occurs.

Answer 48

input

Question 49

What is the outcome of information processing?

Answer 49

Output

Question 50

What involves further exchange with the environment or the other person?

Answer 50

Output

Question 51

What is the new information exchange triggered by the output response?

Answer 51

Feedback

Question 52

What is a monitoring system through which the person or group controls the internal and external responses to behaviour (output) and accommodates these responses appropriately?

Answer 52

Feedback

Question 53

What shows the dynamic nature of communication?

Answer 53

Feedback Loop

Question 54

Which two types of feedback can be identified?

Answer 54

Positive

Negative

Question 55

Which feedback type encourages change?

Answer 55

Positive

Question 56

Which feedback type encourages homeostasis or no change?

Answer 56

Negative

Question 57

Identify the Feedback Type

“Try that again; you almost had it!”

Answer 57

Positive

Question 58

Identify the Feedback Type

“Don’t touch that; it’s hot.”

Answer 58

Negative

Question 59

Which feedback type involves a parent’s attempt to encourage the child to continue a new behaviour?

Answer 59

Postive

Question 60

Which feedback type involes an effort to curtail undesired behaviour?

Answer 60

Negative

Question 61

Rather than meaning “good” or “bad,” ___ feedback and ___ feedback refer to promotion of system change and stability, which is the process of balancing the direction and magnitude of change.

Answer 61

positive

negative

Both types of feedback are needed, depending on the situation.

Question 62

Strategies Associated With Person-Centred Communication

Permitting people to tell their stories in their own words and ___.

Answer 62

chronology

Question 63

Strategies Associated With Person-Centred Communication

Using a ___ interviewing style.

Answer 63

conversational

Question 64

Strategies Associated With Person-Centred Communication

Being friendly through humour and social conversation, and nonverbal cues such as ___.

Eliciting people’s views, perspectives, thoughts, wishes, goals, values, and expectations.

Inquiring about the nature of the person’s life.

Attending to the person’s needs.

Avoiding overemphasis on ___ aspects of care and tasks.

Answer 64

smiling

technical

Question 65

Strategies Associated With Person-Centred Communication

Not being too busy to talk.

Responding to cues concerning ___ issues and problems.

Answer 65

emotional

Question 66

Strategies Associated With Person-Centred Communication

Giving information about self-care and ___ in decision making.

Developing mutual understanding.

Creating collaborative health care plans.

Showing ___ and concern for the individual’s well-being.

Answer 66

participation

empathy

Question 67

Strategies Associated With Person-Centred Communication

Connecting with individuals through humour, touch, and selective self-___.

Tuning in to individuals’ preferences and style.

Attending to and advocating individuals’ needs.

Maintaining ___.

Answer 67

disclosure

confidentiality

Question 68

Which three forms does all human communication occur?

Answer 68

Verbal

Nonverbal

Metacommunication

Question 69

What is the transmission of messages using words, spoken or written including sign language, braille, touch (used to interpret markings that represent letters and words), and finger spelling?

Answer 69

Verbal

Question 70

Sign language and braille blend aspects of ___ and ___ communication, but both forms of communication transmit meaning through a consistent language system.

Answer 70

verbal

nonverbal

Question 71

As societies become increasingly multicultural, assistance from specially trained ___ is essential for the provision of culturally competent care.

Answer 71

interpreters

Question 72

Most health care facilities, such as major hospitals across Canada, employ ___ and health care brokers who will guide health care providers in various forms of communication with multicultural patients and families.

Confidentiality issues, the complexity of health information, and the need to validate understandings and reach mutual decisions make it inappropriate to use untrained personnel or ___ to interpret what is meant simply because they are available.

Answer 72

interpreters

relatives

Question 73

What encompasses all messages that are not spoken or written?

Answer 73

Nonverbal

Question 74

What are the channels of nonverbal communication?

Answer 74

Five Senses

Question 75

What do movement, facial and eye expressions, gestures, touch, appearance, and vocalization or paralanguage all constitute?

Answer 75

Nonverbal

Question 76

Although all communication has the potential of being misunderstood, ___ communication is particularly subject to misunderstanding because it does not always reflect the sender’s conscious intent and is highly influenced by culture.

Answer 76

nonverbal

Question 77

Which messages also tend to be nebulous, without specific beginnings and endings?

Answer 77

Nonverbal

Question 78

Body ___ or ___ behaviour includes facial expression (or facies), eye movements, body movements, gestures, and posture.

Answer 78

motion

kinetic

Question 79

What conveys messages of interest or trust?

Answer 79

Eye Contact

Question 80

Constant ___ contact can send a message of hostility.

Answer 80

eye

Question 81

Nonverbal behaviour, particularly facial and ___ expressions, is contextual. For example, in certain circumstances and cultures, avoidance of direct ___ contact between some people can be a sign of respect.

Yet in other situations and cultures, it can be interpreted as indicative of disinterest, avoidance, or disrespect.

Therefore, interpretation requires a cultural lens.

Answer 81

eye x 2

Question 82

Sign language involves ___ communication because, although it uses symbols that are communicated through specific signs, these are enhanced by facial expressions and body postures.

However, sign language shares many aspects of ___ communication. It has syntax and grammar, words may be spelled out, and a standard meaning is assigned to specific signs to create symbolic language, just as words share common definitions.

Answer 82

nonverbal

verbal

Question 83

What refers to a message about the message?

Answer 83

Metacommunication

Question 84

What is described as the impossibility of not communicating: that is, “one cannot not communicate?”

Answer 84

Metacommunication

Question 85

What is a person transmitting a message about what is being communicated even when words are not spoken?

Answer 85

Metacommunication

Question 86

What is the relationship aspect of communication?

Answer 86

Metacommunication

Question 87

What involves reading between the lines or going past the surface content of the message to glean nuances of meaning?

Answer 87

Metacommunication

Question 88

When the content and the relationship aspects, or ___ aspects, of a message are incongruent, interpreting the communication accurately may be difficult, leaving the receiver uncomfortable and confused.

Answer 88

metacommunication

Question 89

If two people are having a conversation and one says, “I am just kidding” after a remark, that is ___ because the person is explaining the tone or intent behind their words.

Answer 89

metacommunication

Question 90

In a workplace, a manager might say, “I want to make sure everyone understands what I’m saying - please let me know if something is not clear.” This is ___ because the manager is focusing on how the message is being received, not the actual content.

Answer 90

metacommunication

Question 91

What special metacommunication type is in group settings?

Answer 91

Process

Question 92

A basic principle of ___ theory states that all communication has content and process.

Answer 92

group

Question 93

___ is what is said; ___ is the relationship aspect of what is communicated.

Answer 93

Content

process

Question 94

What occurs during every group encounter?

Answer 94

Group Process

Question 95

Consider two individuals in a smoking cessation group who always support each other by agreeing with each other and offering comments or criticism to any group member who disagrees.

Although this pairing between the individuals offers them some protection from anxiety that may result from self-examination and feedback, it isolates them and curtails feedback from others.

Examination of this ___ ___ is an essential task.

The nurse leader and participants can transform this problematic situation into a learning opportunity by identifying the pattern and pointing out the behaviour after it has occurred frequently; helping the pair and other group members consider what needs are being met through this pattern; looking at each person’s role in fostering this process (e.g., why other group members have failed to confront the pair); and discussing potential outcomes of changing the behaviour.

Answer 95

group process

Question 96

What steps can be applied in clinical situations when greater self-understanding is a goal?

Answer 96

Group Process

Question 97

Steps to functional communication include firmly stating the ___, clarifying the ___, seeking ___, and being receptive to ___ when it is received.

Answer 97

case

message

feedback x 2

Question 98

Implementing the steps to ___ communication between nurses and individuals, and between nurses and other care providers, is essential to ensure patient safety and quality care.

Answer 98

functional

Question 99

What is implemented when the sender needs to make the content and the metacommunication congruent?

Answer 99

State the Case

Question 100

When the content and the ___ conflict, the message is confusing.

Answer 100

metacommunication

Question 101

A nurse is angry with a colleague for making statements to an administrator that undermined the nurse’s plans for reconfiguring a health-promotion program in their agency. When the nurse had a chance to speak with this colleague, they exchanged pleasantries without mention of what the nurse thought about the colleague’s statements to the administrator. When the colleague asked if something was bothering the nurse, the nurse responded that nothing was wrong. The colleague senses that the nurse’s verbal and nonverbal communication did not match; in other words, the content of the message and the ___ were incongruent.

The colleague was left feeling uneasy, and the nurse failed to express his or her thoughts or to take effective action to rectify the perceived problem with the colleague. To make the communication ___, the nurse needed to bring thoughts and feelings into awareness and reflect on the intended message.

Answer 101

metacommunication

functional

Question 102

What is implemented when the sender gives a complete message?

Answer 102

Clarify the Message

Question 103

What is implemented when important features are emphasized and specifics of any request are stated, not assumed; and the importance of the message is indicated?

Answer 103

Clarify the Message

Question 104

To illustrate this, a woman mentions to her nurse that it is nearly June. The nurse responds that he has noticed how warm the weather is becoming.

On the surface, this communication may seem ___ until the intent of the woman’s message is considered. She meant to imply that June is the 5-year anniversary of her remission from cancer, and she hoped that her nurse would somehow know that she wanted him to comment on the significance of this anniversary.

To make this communication___, the woman needed to expand the message (e.g., “My anniversary after cancer treatment is coming up”), and then ___ her wish to hear a sensitive response from the nurse (e.g., “This anniversary marks the goal for you to be cancer-free.” “What will you do to celebrate?”).

Additionally, she needed to show how ___ the message was (e.g., “I’d really like to do something special to mark this date”).

If the nurse had been attuned to the ___ in this exchange, he could have ___ this woman’s intent and met her need for recognition and dialogue.

Answer 104

functional x 2

clarify

important

metacommunication

clarified

Question 105

What is one technique for clarifying and qualifying messages?

Answer 105

“I” Statements

Question 106

What helps the sender state what he or she wants, feels, thinks, or plans (including likes and dislikes)?

Answer 106

“I” Statements

“I felt unimportant when you forgot to recognize this anniversary” is an “I” statement that the person could have used to communicate effectively. Soliciting such “I” messages is a therapeutic technique to be encouraged.

Question 107

Which questions can clarify and qualify messages?

Answer 107

Open-Ended

Question 108

Which questions tend to elicit descriptive responses rather than one-word answers?

Answer 108

Open-Ended

Question 109

Which questions that seek a one-word answer are useful when a specific piece of information is sought?

Answer 109

Direct

“Did you spend 15 minutes or more walking today?” may be a better approach than “What was your activity like today?” when it is important to discuss and promote minimal exercise requirements.

Question 110

Which questions can be helpful for individuals having trouble expressing more than the simplest thoughts?

Answer 110

Direct

Question 111

Which questions are particularly useful with people who are depressed, regressed, cognitively impaired, or unable to handle complex information or communication at a particular time?

Answer 111

Direct

Question 112

What is implemented during consensual validation and confirmation that both the sender and the receiver understand the same information (clarification skills)?

Answer 112

Seeking Feedback

Question 113

In family communication, the parent, as the sender, should model this behaviour for children by asking the child, as the receiver, to explain the sense of the message and how to ask the sender for further explanation.

For example, “I want you to clean your room” (message from parent) can be followed by “Tell me how you think you will do that” (___ that the child and the parent agree about what the task entails).

This style of seeking ___ can be adapted to nurse–nurse or nurse–interprofessional exchanges between colleagues and to therapeutic interactions and is critical to effective clinical care.

Such confirmation in communication is also essential when health-promotion interventions are being provided.

Without ___ that the person understands the information and its importance, and that the person has a behaviour plan to follow, health-promotion efforts are likely to fail.

Answer 113

validating

validation

validating

Question 114

Being open to ___ is crucial.

A “no questions” attitude blocks ___ communication, whether in the home, classroom, or clinical setting.

Children, students, individuals, and even other nurses may be afraid to question anyone in authority or may assume that the person should magically know what is intended or expected.

For example, a person may avoid confronting a nurse who fails to explain the clinical plan and then communicates that the person should know how to follow through.

Statements by the sender such as “Tell me what you think” and “What is your understanding of what I said?” are helpful in eliciting confirmation of understanding and ___.

Answer 114

feedback

functional

feedback

Question 115

Receiving and sending messages involve many of the same processes.

Evaluation of the ___ of the message, both the ___ and the metacommunication, is the first step.

The receiver frequently needs to seek ___ and ___ understanding of the message for communication to be effective.

Answer 115

intent

content

clarification

validate

Question 116

Clarification of expectations, active exchange of information, power sharing, and ___ will enhance the quality of nurse–person communication.

Answer 116

negotiation

Question 117

___ communication and ____ for care design and delivery involve cross-disciplinary education and practice approaches that are now widely promoted as essential to an effective health care system.

Answer 117

Interprofessional

teamwork

Question 118

Effective ___, an important part of communication, is more than passively taking information.

Answer 118

listening

Question 119

Effective ___ is actively focusing attention on the message.

Answer 119

listening

Question 120

Asking questions to explore what is meant helps the ___ reach an accurate assessment of the message’s meaning.

Answer 120

listener

Question 121

Many forms of ___ communication have been identified that, from a Western or European perspective, commonly convey that the person is listening.

Answer 121

nonverbal

Question 122

These ___ communications include direct gazing and eye contact, head nodding, orienting one’s body to maintain interpersonal closeness, leaning forward, making facial expressions such as eyebrow animation and smiling, and using brief verbal statements that indicate interest, such as “Please go on” or “Tell me more about that.”

Answer 122

nonverbal

Question 123

Leaning close to a person might be interpreted as ___. Yet the same behaviour could be seen as a sign of support, depending on the context and perspective of those involved.

Answer 123

intrusive

Question 124

What is the patterning of similar activities within the same interval by two people and helps the nurse communicate a listening stance in an effective way?

Answer 124

Reciprocity

Question 125

When the nurse matches nuances of the individual’s type and style of behaviour, the chances that the person will interpret the nurse’s behaviour as an indication of active listening are increased, and the likelihood of misinterpretation is reduced.

Nurses can enhance the quality of their communication, even when encounters are brief, by attending to ___ in their interactions and by validating whether or not ___ is associated with shared interpretations of meaning.

Answer 125

reciprocity x 2

Question 126

Poor ___ blocks the nurse’s understanding of the person.

Answer 126

listening

Question 127

The nurse’s failure to ___ may be caused by anxiety; focus on other demands; lack of experience, which leads to excessive talking by the nurse; preoccupation with personal thoughts; or lack of practice.

Answer 127

listen

Question 128

Which listeners appear to be making eye contact with the speaker but their thoughts and mind are elsewhere (e.g., composing a grocery list in their heads)?

Answer 128

Pseudo

Question 129

Which listeners are known to interrupt the conversation with their own examples of the spoken topic or will attempt to turn the conversation onto themselves as opposed to showing interest in the speaker?

Answer 129

Stage-Hoggers

Question 130

Which listeners do not take in the entire conversation, but instead “select” what they want to hear and only respond to what they wish to address?

Answer 130

Selective

Question 131

Which listening may occur when discussing bad news or a poor prognosis with a patient and the patient only hears the first few words or phrases when spoken by the nurse?

Answer 131

Insulated

Question 132

Which listening may occur during the initial assessment a nurse performs prior to a miscarriage or cancer diagnosis where only portions of the information are heard?

Answer 132

Insulated

Question 133

Which listening is common with adolescents?

Answer 133

Defensive

Question 134

Which listeners think that someone is attacking them personally and project their insecurities on the speaker?

Answer 134

Defensive

Question 135

___ hang onto every word from the speaker, gathering information to use against the speaker.

Answer 135

Ambushers

Question 136

One can point out an ___ listener by reading their body language and other nonverbal cues, such as eye rolling or a genuine disinterest in what the speaker is communicating.

Answer 136

insensitive

Question 137

What is a balance between control and permissiveness?

Answer 137

Flexibility

Question 138

In “___,” every message is monitored.

In exaggerated ___, anything can be communicated in any way.

For communication to be ___, rules are needed about what is appropriate, without rigid prescriptions that inhibit meaningful interchange.

For example, the guideline that nurses will not answer questions concerning intimate details of their lives sets an appropriate limit; however, this does not mean that nurses should refuse to answer any question about themselves.

Answer 138

overcontrol

permissiveness

functional

Question 139

What is often uncomfortable for the nurse who is somewhat insecure about what should occur during a therapeutic encounter?

Answer 139

Silence

Question 140

When one is seeking a verbal response, ___ can be perceived as a lack of interest.

At other times, ___ allows individuals to reflect on what is being discussed or experienced, lets them know that the nurse is willing to wait until they are ready to say more, or simply provides them with comfort and support.

Answer 140

silence x 2

Question 141

Rather than asking a flurry of questions to break the silence, the nurse allows the person ___ to decide when to comment or should make brief comments that do not demand answers, such as “It can be helpful to take time to think about what we have been discussing.”

Also, comments such as “Try putting your thoughts or feelings into words” and “I am here when you are ready to talk” can help the person to share these thoughts or feelings when silence is blocking rather than improving the communication.

Answer 141

time

Question 142

What relieves tension, reduces aggression, and creates a climate of sharing?

Answer 142

Humour

Question 143

What can block communication when it is used to avoid subjects that might be uncomfortable or when it excludes other people?

Answer 143

Humour

Question 144

___ can inflict emotional pain and communicate negative views or stereotypes about particular individuals or groups through teasing and jokes concerning race, ethnicity, culture, country of origin, occupation, age, sex, sexual activity, or other traits that stand out or are devalued.

A ___ response to the latent content or message in this type of humour is an effective way to curtail its use and minimize its effect.

For example, a response that shows disapproval of the latent message such as “That kind of joke makes me very uncomfortable. I do not find it funny to describe [the specific group in question] that way, and I would like you to stop” will send a clear message and be likely successful in stopping the offensive communication.

Answer 144

Humour

direct

Question 145

Touch is an interesting means of ___ communication for nurses, who often touch individuals while administering care.

Answer 145

nonverbal

Question 146

The nurse’s concern can be expressed by a gentle or soothing application of ___.

Nevertheless, in some instances ___ is inappropriate.

For example, in interactions with individuals who have trauma histories or acute psychiatric disturbances, ___ might be misinterpreted.

Answer 146

touch x 2

Question 147

Informing the individual about the purpose of touching and asking for ___ and feedback are useful techniques to avoid unintended distress or misinterpretation of touching in a clinical encounter.

Answer 147

permission

Question 148

What varies according to the type of communication, the setting, and the culture?

Answer 148

Space

Question 149

What is the space between communicators used commonly in interaction in North America identified in four zones?

Answer 149

Proxemics

Question 150

Zones of Space Common to Interaction in North America

Which space is up to 45.5 cm (18 in.); used for high interpersonal sensory stimulation?

Answer 150

Intimate

Question 151

Which space is 45.5 cm to 1.2 m (18 into 4 ft); appropriate for close relationships in which touching may be involved and good visualization is desired?

Answer 151

Personal

Question 152

Which space is 2.7 to 3.6 m (9 to 12 ft); less intimate and personal, requiring louder verbal communication?

Answer 152

Social-Consultative

Question 153

Which space is 3.6 m (12 ft) or more; appropriately used for formal gatherings, such as giving speeches?

Answer 153

Public

Question 154

What is the capacity to read, comprehend, and follow through on health information - it is a critical component of health promotion?

Answer 154

Health Literacy

Question 155

Increasingly complex health care systems require individuals to assume a high degree of autonomy and employ self-management strategies to achieve their best health. Health ___ is one primary skill that is useful in navigating such complex systems.

Answer 155

literacy

Question 156

What is promoted by creating a safe and comfortable environment, sitting to establish eye contact rather than standing when communicating, using visual aids and models to illustrate conditions and procedures, and verifying understanding of care instructions by having individuals then teach the content: that is, using “teach-back” as a strategy?

Answer 156

Health Literacy

Question 157

In Canada, the Literacy Volunteers of Quebec published A ___ ___ Tool Kit for Health Care Providers: Improving Communication with Clients.

Answer 157

Health Literacy

Question 158

Three key factors regarding health literacy to consider are the ___ level of the target audience or users; the ___/comprehension level for materials in online, verbal, or written format; and the ___ language of the target audience or users.

Answer 158

educational

reading

native

Question 159

A highly educated target audience generally has high ___ ___ because of strong command of the native language being used.

Answer 159

health literacy

Question 160

Research evidence has shown that health information in use may be at a reading level above the comprehension level (i.e., at a Grade ___ level) of the users.

Furthermore, nurses need to assess comprehension of all health information and instruction, particularly of complex medical/health information. Developing materials at the Grade ___ or ___ reading level helps ensure that comprehension is very likely across wide ranges of the target audience.

Answer 160

9

5

6

Question 161

Adjusting word usage to avoid native ___ will increase understanding among persons whose native language is not being used.

Answer 161

colloquialisms

Question 162

Consider the array of commands involved in the typical automated telephone system involved in ordering a prescription refill from a typical pharmacy. The individual must select from a list of options; next, multiple numbers must be keyed in that represent prescription numbers listed in small print from a prescription label and birthdays in appropriate format; finally, a variety of confirmations must be entered. Persons with auditory, visual, language comprehension, and/or cognitive limitations may not have adequate capacity to manage such common health care technologies.

Therefore, ___ competence becomes another component of health literacy to be considered.

Answer 162

technology

Question 163

Telehealth has seen success in Canada, and in particular in British Columbia with “___ ___ ___,” which is a long-term program to assist stroke survivors with health and behaviour change. This particular telehealth protocol involves a telephone-based and self-management program.

Answer 163

The Stroke Coach

Question 164

Answer 164