Value Taxonomies Flashcards
The cultural Ice Berg - Visable
Behavior
The cultural Ice Berg - Unvisable
our thoughts, values, norms etc.
Cultural anthropology
The coherence of cultures.
e.g. Rules of behaviour,
language, material creations and
ideas about the world
the study of
how culture has changed
and sometimes even
stayed the same
throughout history.
Social Anthropology
the ‘deep structure’ of
social relations in a particular
society
Social constructionism
seeks to uncover the ways in which
individuals and groups participate
in the construction of their
perceived social reality.
It involves looking at the ways social
phenomena are developed,
institutionalized, known, and
made into tradition by humans
Value Orientation
Value orientations are the means that a society uses to solve these universal problems
Man-Nature orientation
What is the relationship
of humans to nature?
Worldview
the outlook a culture has on the nature of the universe, the nature of humankind, the relationship between humanity and the universe, and other philosophical issues defining humans’ place in the cosmos
Activity orientation
What is the modality of human activity? This refers to the use of time for self-expression and play, self-improvement and development, and work.
Time orientation
What is the temporal focus of human life? Cultures differ widely in their conceptions of time. Time orientation can be past, present or future.
Past: Tradition
Present: Spontaneity and immediancy
Future: importance of present acitivties to future outcomes.
Human nature orientation
Are we born good or evil, or a mixture of good and evil?
Relational orientation
What is the modality of a person’s relationship to others? It refers to perceptions of the self and the ways in which society is organised.
Masculinity
One of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions; masculine cultures strive for a maximal distinction between male and female roles and the attributes ascribed to them
High -low context cultures
the extent to which we gather information from the physical, social and psychological context of an interaction
EU’s first common basic principle for integration
Integration is a dynamic two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of member states
