Language and Culture Flashcards
Verbal Communication
Spoken or written language. Set of rules governing the use of words in creating meaning
Nonverbal communication
Gestures, laughing, body language, crying.
Phonology
The patterns of basic speech units and the accepted rules of pronunciation
Morphology
The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language
Syntax
How individual words and basic meaningful units are combined
Semantics
The ways in which a language conveys meaning
Pragmatics
The appropriate use of langugage
Prosody
The language melody
Connotations
hints, proverbs, the dual window into understanding a culture.
Proverbs
folk wisdom or advice expressed through short, pithy sentences.
Sign
Relationship between, the object.
Signifier
The physical existence, word, sound, image
Signified
The mental concept, health, computer
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Our native tongue exerts an influence over our perception of reality.
Universal Grammar
The theory that suggests that some rules of grammar are hard-wired into the brain and manifest without being taught.
Direct communication
The extent of explicit expressed in a message. The speakers need, wants, desires and intentions are explicitly communicated.
Indirect communication style
The speaker’s true intentions or needs are only implied or hinted at during the conversation
Elaborate communication style
The use of rich, expressive and embellished language in everyday conversation
Succinct communication style
Simple assertions and silence are valued.
Personal communication style
Amplifies the individual identity of the speaker.
Contextual communication style
Is oriented by status and role, formality and power distance are emphasised
Instrumental communication style
Goal-orientated and sender focused. The speaker wants to achieve an outcome
affective communication style
Receiver focused and process oriented. Speakers are more concerned with the process of communication
Discourse
spoken or written communication between people.