validity Flashcards

1
Q

define validity

A

the extent to which an observed effect is genuine

does it measure what it is supposed to measure?
and can it be generalised beyond the research setting?

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2
Q

define internal validity

A

how much the findings of a method are due to the manipulation of a variable rather than another measure

a major threat to this is demand characteristics

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3
Q

define external validity

A

the findings can be generalised beyond the context of the research situation

ecological validity is a form of this

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4
Q

give the 3 types of external validity

A
  • ecological validity
  • temporal validity
  • population validity
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5
Q

define ecological validity

A

extent to which the findings from a study can be generalised to other settings

not all lab studies lack ecological validity it depends on the task

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6
Q

define temporal validity

A

extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other historical times and eras

freud’s research into psychosexual stages has low temporal validity

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7
Q

define population validity

A

the extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other cultures/people outside of the research

ainworth’s strange situation lacks population validity

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8
Q

what are the 2 ways of assessing validity

A
  • face validity
  • concurrent validity
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9
Q

define face validity

A

a basic form of validity in which a measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears to measure what it is supposed to measure

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10
Q

define concurrent validity

A

the extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

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11
Q

3 ways to improve validity in expermient

A
  • use a control group
    (allows us to see whether manipulation of IV has an effect and is causing results)
  • standardise procedures
    (removes impact of participant reactivity and investigator effects)
  • use a blind procedures
    (double or single blind which reduces demand characteristics)
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12
Q

2 ways to improve validity in questionnaires

A
  • use a lie scale
    (if caught lying on questions, test score becomes invalid which controls social desirability)
  • promote anonymity
    (participants are more likely to show the behaviour if results are anonymous)
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13
Q

2 ways to improve validity in observations

A
  • covert observations
  • operationalised behavioural categories
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14
Q

2 ways to improve validity in qualitative research

A
  • use qualitative or quantitative
    ( qual - higher ecological validity quanti - less subjective)
  • use triangulation
    ( a number of sources)
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15
Q

define triangulation

A

using a number of sources

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