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IHO Week 2 > Vaccines - Johns > Flashcards

Vaccines - Johns Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Immunizations

A

Highly effective
Cost-effective
Universally recommended
Measurable

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2
Q

Live Attenuated Vaccine

A

Live microbes are weakened by growing them for many generations in animals or tissue cultures
Ex: oral polio, MMR, zoster

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3
Q

Inactivated Vaccine

A

Whole organisms that have been killed that stimulate the immune system, but do not cause disease
Ex: polio, influenza, Hepatitis A

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4
Q

Inactivated Toxins

A

Some bacteria cause disease by producing toxins

Ex: tetanus, diphtheria

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5
Q

Subunit Vaccines

A

Use only a part of the bacterium or virus

Ex: typhoid, Hepatitis B, pertussis, meningitis

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6
Q

Conjugate Vaccines

A

Link proteins from a second organism to the outer coat of the bacteria. Allows a baby’s immune system to recognize the bacteria
Ex: haemophilus influenzae B, pneumococcus

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7
Q

Edible Vaccines

A

Genetically engineered potatoes, bananas, and tomatoes that will initiate an immune response against harmful intestinal bacteria and viruses
Ex: rabies, E. coli enterotoxin

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8
Q

Plantibodies

A

specific antibodies made in plants

Ex: strep mutans

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9
Q

Influenze recommendation for Peds

A

Recommended for all children to age 18

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10
Q

HPV recommendation

A

Routine vaccine for all 11-12 year olds

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11
Q

Meningococcal Vaccine (MCV)

A

Routine vaccine for all 11-12 year olds
College freshman living in dorms, splenectomy, immunosuppression
Seen in jails and in Army recruits (Close Quarters)

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12
Q

Boostrix

A

Pertussis booster for 10-64 year olds

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13
Q

What are the valid reasons not to vaccinate?

A 
Anaphylactic Reaction
Prior high fever
Immunodeficiency (no live-attenuated vaccines)
Pregnancy (no live-attenuated vaccines)
Significant accute illness
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14
Q

Influenza Vaccine

A

Recudes URI episodes, sick leave, fewer physician visits, risk of death
Contraindications: anaphylaxis to eggs, allergy to Thimerosol, History of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, acute febrile condition

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15
Q

Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine

A

Prevention of lobar bacterial pneumonia with consolidation - Revaccinate after 5 years if initial vaccination before 65

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16
Q

Hepatitis A (Inactivated)

A

Spread by fecal to oral (outbreaks at daycares and food related)
94% efficacy
Indications: Travelers, IV drug users, Chronic Liver Disease, Military, Health Care workers

17
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Can be spread by serum and most body fluids (not stool)
Causes hepatobiliary cancer
Indications: “At-Risk adults”, travel, health care workers
95% efficacy after 3 doses

18
Q

Tdap (Tetanus, Diptheria, Acellular Pertussis)

A

Immunity wanes 5-10 years after vaccination
11-65 year olds
Health care workers

19
Q

Varicella Zoster Vaccine (Live-Attenuated)

A

Shingles Vaccine
Adults 60+ receive 1 dose
Not covered by Medicare

20
Q

HPV (Human Pappilomavirus Vaccine)

A

Cervical HPV infections with 50% risk within 5-7 years of first sexual contact and >80% lifetime risk
Indications: 11-12 year olds, up to age 26

21
Q

How effective is the HPV vaccine?

A

100% effective in preventing HPV genital lesions and CIN

22
Q

HIV Vaccine

A

Inactivated monkey viruses can cause AIDS antibodies

HIV hyper-variability

23
Q

Recombinant Vaccines

A

Alter an organism’s genetic structure by removing a key gene or by modifying the DNA

24
Q

Malaria Vaccine

A

Phase I/II trials underway using recombinant technology

25
Q

Tuberculosis

A

1 infectious disease caused deaths

26
Q

Tuberculosis Vaccine

A

BCG vaccine - used for years with variable efficacy

27
Q

Treating Cancer with Vaccines

A

Isolate proteins from the surface of melanoma cells and using the antigens to provoke the immune system into producing killer T-cells against the cancer

28
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease Vaccine

A

Immunization with amyloid B prevented the formation of plaques and resultant cellular damage

IHO Week 2 (13 decks)

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