Vaccines - Johns Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Immunizations

A

Highly effective
Cost-effective
Universally recommended
Measurable

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2
Q

Live Attenuated Vaccine

A

Live microbes are weakened by growing them for many generations in animals or tissue cultures
Ex: oral polio, MMR, zoster

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3
Q

Inactivated Vaccine

A

Whole organisms that have been killed that stimulate the immune system, but do not cause disease
Ex: polio, influenza, Hepatitis A

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4
Q

Inactivated Toxins

A

Some bacteria cause disease by producing toxins

Ex: tetanus, diphtheria

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5
Q

Subunit Vaccines

A

Use only a part of the bacterium or virus

Ex: typhoid, Hepatitis B, pertussis, meningitis

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6
Q

Conjugate Vaccines

A

Link proteins from a second organism to the outer coat of the bacteria. Allows a baby’s immune system to recognize the bacteria
Ex: haemophilus influenzae B, pneumococcus

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7
Q

Edible Vaccines

A

Genetically engineered potatoes, bananas, and tomatoes that will initiate an immune response against harmful intestinal bacteria and viruses
Ex: rabies, E. coli enterotoxin

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8
Q

Plantibodies

A

specific antibodies made in plants

Ex: strep mutans

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9
Q

Influenze recommendation for Peds

A

Recommended for all children to age 18

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10
Q

HPV recommendation

A

Routine vaccine for all 11-12 year olds

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11
Q

Meningococcal Vaccine (MCV)

A

Routine vaccine for all 11-12 year olds
College freshman living in dorms, splenectomy, immunosuppression
Seen in jails and in Army recruits (Close Quarters)

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12
Q

Boostrix

A

Pertussis booster for 10-64 year olds

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13
Q

What are the valid reasons not to vaccinate?

A
Anaphylactic Reaction
Prior high fever
Immunodeficiency (no live-attenuated vaccines)
Pregnancy (no live-attenuated vaccines)
Significant accute illness
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14
Q

Influenza Vaccine

A

Recudes URI episodes, sick leave, fewer physician visits, risk of death
Contraindications: anaphylaxis to eggs, allergy to Thimerosol, History of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, acute febrile condition

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15
Q

Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine

A

Prevention of lobar bacterial pneumonia with consolidation - Revaccinate after 5 years if initial vaccination before 65

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16
Q

Hepatitis A (Inactivated)

A

Spread by fecal to oral (outbreaks at daycares and food related)
94% efficacy
Indications: Travelers, IV drug users, Chronic Liver Disease, Military, Health Care workers

17
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Can be spread by serum and most body fluids (not stool)
Causes hepatobiliary cancer
Indications: “At-Risk adults”, travel, health care workers
95% efficacy after 3 doses

18
Q

Tdap (Tetanus, Diptheria, Acellular Pertussis)

A

Immunity wanes 5-10 years after vaccination
11-65 year olds
Health care workers

19
Q

Varicella Zoster Vaccine (Live-Attenuated)

A

Shingles Vaccine
Adults 60+ receive 1 dose
Not covered by Medicare

20
Q

HPV (Human Pappilomavirus Vaccine)

A

Cervical HPV infections with 50% risk within 5-7 years of first sexual contact and >80% lifetime risk
Indications: 11-12 year olds, up to age 26

21
Q

How effective is the HPV vaccine?

A

100% effective in preventing HPV genital lesions and CIN

22
Q

HIV Vaccine

A

Inactivated monkey viruses can cause AIDS antibodies

HIV hyper-variability

23
Q

Recombinant Vaccines

A

Alter an organism’s genetic structure by removing a key gene or by modifying the DNA

24
Q

Malaria Vaccine

A

Phase I/II trials underway using recombinant technology

25
Tuberculosis
#1 infectious disease caused deaths
26
Tuberculosis Vaccine
BCG vaccine - used for years with variable efficacy
27
Treating Cancer with Vaccines
Isolate proteins from the surface of melanoma cells and using the antigens to provoke the immune system into producing killer T-cells against the cancer
28
Alzheimer's Disease Vaccine
Immunization with amyloid B prevented the formation of plaques and resultant cellular damage