Benign Leukocytoses - Krafts

Question 1

Benign Leukocytoses

Answer 1

Elevation in the WBC count

Question 2

Neutrophilia

Answer 2

Elevated neutrophil granulocytes count in the blood

Question 3

Mature Neutrophilia Causes

Answer 3

Bacterial Infection
Inflammation
Physiologic (Stress/Hormones)

Question 4

Immature Neutrophilia Causes

Answer 4

Bacterial Infection
Inflammation
Severe Anemia
Something filling up marrow

Question 5

3 types of Toxic Changes seen with INFECTION:

Answer 5

Toxic Granulation
Dohle Bodies (RER in cytoplasm)
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization (SCARY!)

Question 6

Left Shift

Answer 6

Increase in the number of immature leukocytes, specifically band cells

Question 7

Leukemoid Reaction

Answer 7

Increased WBC count (leukocytosis) as a result of infection or stress

Question 8

Leukoerythroblastic Reaction

Answer 8

A bone marrow response in which nucleated RBCs and immature leukocytes are released
Due to something malignant
Due to something benign

Question 9

Normal Immunophenotype in Blood

Answer 9

T-Cells: 80%
B-Cells: 15%
NK Cells: 5%

Question 10

What age group has the highest normal lymphocyte count?

Answer 10

Infants

Question 11

Mature Lymphocytes

Answer 11

Bunch of mature lymphocytes in the blood

Question 12

Reactive (funny-looking) Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Become large due to antigen stimulation
AKA Downey Cells
Also see Plasmacytoid Lymphocytes

Question 13

Mature Lymphocytosis Causes

Answer 13

Infectious Lymphocytosis
Bordatella Pertussis
Transient Stress

Question 14

Infectious Lymphocytosis causes what?

Answer 14

The BIGGEST mature lymphocyte count (around 100)

Question 15

Reactive Lymphocytosis Causes

Answer 15

Infectious Mononucleosis
Pediatric Viral Infections
Viral Hepatitis
Immune Disorders

Question 16

Downey Cells

Answer 16

Common in Mononucleosis

Question 17

Left Shift

Answer 17

Toxic Changes
Fewer immature cells
No basophilia
LAP normal or increased

Question 18

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Answer 18

SUPER-High WBC
Lots of immature cells
Basophilia
LAP decreased

Question 19

What is the best way to differentiate Benign Neutrophilia from CML?

Answer 19

Cytogenetics looking for the Philadelphia Translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

Question 20

What characterizes Reactive Lymphocytosis?

Answer 20

Atypical Lymphocytes

Young (under 40)

Question 21

What characterizes CLL?

Answer 21

Mature Lymphocytes that all look the same

Older (over 40)

Question 22

What characterizes Mature Lymphocytosis?

Answer 22

Mature lymphocytes
VERY young (under 14)

Question 23

What is the best way to differentiate Benign Lymphocytosis from CLL?

Answer 23

Immunophenotyping

Question 24

What disease is basophilia ONLY seen in?

Answer 24

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Question 25

What are the causes of Eosinophilia?

Answer 25

Drugs
Asthma
Skin Diseases
Parasites

Question 26

What are the causes of Monocytosis?

Answer 26

Infection
Autoimmune Disease
Malignancy (Solid Tumor)