Vaccines Flashcards
What is passive immunisation and what are the risks?
When the person is given antibodies against the particular disease. Normally given as pre or post exposure of prophylaxis. Risk of anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity.
What is active immunisation?
The recipient’s own immune system will be initiated to make the defence.
What are whole cell or component/subunit vaccines?
Vaccines that include the whole of the bacterium or virus.
Subunit vaccines contain parts of the organism that triggers the immune response.
What are live-attenuated, or inactivated/killed vaccines?
Live attenuated vaccines have a bacterium or virus that is viable but weakened.
Inactive/killed vaccines contain bacteria or viruses that have been exposed to a denaturing agent like formaldehyde.
What are the four main ways of delivering a vaccine?
Injection
Oral
Intranasal
In food
What are the positives for using vaccines?
It’s an important defence against infectious disease..
The vaccination is cheaper than diagnosis and treatment of same disease.
Reduces morbidity.
What are the ‘high risk groups’ for vaccines?
Healthcare proffesionals
Vets and other animal workers.
Forestry and similar jobs.
What is herd immunity?
a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity.
What are the risks of vaccinating?
Short term pain at injection site.
Low grade fever and tiredness post vaccination.
Some cases of anaphylactic shock.
How are vaccines produced?
Cultivation of the virus or bacterium. Purification of the bacterium or virus and inactivation if required. And fractionation to produce subunit vaccines.
