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Life On Earth > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What metabolism does fungi have and why?

A

They have absorptive metabolism because they are chemoorganoheterotrophs.

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2
Q

Fungi are saprophytes, what does this mean?

A

Saprophytes absorb nutrient from dead organic material by releasing degradative enzymes.

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3
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

sexually and asexually

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4
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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5
Q

What are mycologists?

A

Scientists who study fungi

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6
Q

What is mycotoxicology?

A

Study of fungal toxins and their effects

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7
Q

What is mycoses?

A

disease caused by fungi

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8
Q

What are the major fungal groups?

A
  1. Chytridiomycota
  2. Zygomycota
  3. Glomeromycota
  4. Ascomycota
  5. Basidiomycota
  6. Microsporidia
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9
Q

How does fungi distribute itself?

A

Fungi is primarily terrestrial but many are pathogenic in plants or animals. Some fungi form associations.

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10
Q

Why is fungi important?

A

Fungi degrade complex organic material in the environment to simple organic compounds and inorganic molecules

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11
Q

What are the industrial importances of fungi?

A

Fermentatio in food and alcohol.

Organic acids, certain drugs, antibiotics and immunosuppresive agents.

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12
Q

What are single celled microscopic fungi called?

A

Yeasts

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13
Q

What is the thallus and what does it consist of?

A

It is the body/ vegetative structure of a fungus and consists of long, branched hyphae filaments tangled into a mycelium mass.

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14
Q

How do fungi reproduce asexually?

A

Fungi can reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores.

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15
Q

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

A

Two compatable nuclei are fused with either homothallic mycelium where the sexually compatible gametes are formed on the same mycelium. Or with heterothallic mycellium where compatible mycelia outcross

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16
Q

Describe chytridiomycota

A

A simple free living or parasytic fungi. It is saprophytic.

17
Q

What spores do chytridiomycota form?

A

They produce a zoospore with single, posterior, whiplash flagellum. This is the most primitive form of spore dispersal.

18
Q

What are chytridiomycota known to degrade?

A

Cellulose and keratin

19
Q

Describe zygomycota

A

Filamentous and non septate fungi.

20
Q

What spores do zygomycota form?

A

Form resistant spherical spores called zygosporangia

21
Q

How do zygomycota reproduce asexually?

A

In asexual reproduction the aerial hypha produces a sporangium. Sporangium bursts to release spores. The spores germinate to produce hyphae. The vegetative mycellum grows.

22
Q

How do zygomycota reproduce sexually?

A

Gamete forms at tip of hypha. After plasmogamy the zygospore forms. Karyogamy and meiosis takes place and zygote produces a sporanglium where spores are released from. Spore germinates to produce hypha.

23
Q

What is the importance of the symbiotic relationship between rhizopus and burkholderia?

A

Used to produce tempeh from soybeans and used with soybeans to make sufu curd

24
Q

What do glomeromycota fungi do?

A

Form intracellular associations within roots of almost all herbaceous plants and tropical trees. This is a mutualistic relationship

25
Q

What spores do ascomycota form?

A

Form ascospores

26
Q

Where are ascomycota fungi important?

A

In freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats

27
Q

What is the basic structure of a ascomycota?

A

Hypha, (bottom) conidophore (middle)

Conidia (top)

28
Q

How do ascomycota reproduce?

A

Asexual reproduction takes place in the conidia.
Sexual reproduction consists fo acus formation with ascospores. Opposite mating types form zygote and ascospores forcefully released from ascocarp, germinate.

29
Q

What are basidiomycota?

A

These are mushroom fungi that are largely filamentous and composed of hyphae.

30
Q

How do basidiomycota fungi reproduce?

A

Sexually via the formation of specialized club shaped end cells called basidia

31
Q

What are microsporidia?

A

Obligate intracellular fungal parasites that infect insects and humans

32
Q

What are the comparisons between microsporidia and ‘classic fungi’?

A

Both contain chitin, trehalose and mitosomes. But microspordia don’t have mitochondria, peroxisomes and centrioles.

33
Q

What spores do microsporidia produce?

A

Spores capable of surviving outside the host.

34
Q

What can microspordia pathogenesis cause?

A

diarrhea and pneumonia. Is very dangerous for HIV/AIDS patients

Life On Earth (14 decks)

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