Groups Of Bacteria

Question 0

Name some bacterial cell shapes?

Answer 0

Coccus, rod/bacillus, spiral, comma, filamentous, diplococci, chain of cocci

Question 1

What are the primary identification tests for bacteria?

Answer 1

Visual characteristics and microscopic observations like;
Gram stain
Size and shape 
Arrangement
Endoscopes
Motility

Question 2

Name the three primary identification tests

Answer 2

Catalase test
Oxidase test
Oxidation- fermentation

Question 3

What is a medium?

Answer 3

Nutrient solution for growing microorganisms

Question 4

What is an inoculum?

Answer 4

Initial small number of cells added and grown to give a culture

Question 5

What is an agar?

Answer 5

Polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, melts as 100 degrees, remains molten down to 50 degrees

Question 6

What’s a selective media?

Answer 6

Agent only allows growth of certain organisms

Question 7

What is a differential agar?

Answer 7

Agent changed in some visible way

Question 8

Name selective agents

Answer 8

Sodium chloride, crystal violet, bile salts, chloramphenicol

Question 9

Name some differential agents

Answer 9

Blood
Fermentable carbohydrate plus pH indicator
Gas production

Question 10

How are bacteria, archaea and eukarya related?

Answer 10

Common ancestor

Question 11

What are the chacteristics of archaea?

Answer 11

Live in extreme environments, membranes have ether linkages , 16S rRNA signature sequence

Question 12

What are the similarities between archaea and bacteria?

Answer 12

Size and shape

Prokaryote cell organisation

Question 13

What are the differences between archaea and bacteria?

Answer 13

No peptidoglycan in cell wall
Cell membrane (no ester linkages)
Complex RNA polymerase
Insensitivity to antibiotics

Question 14

What are the two major phyla for archaea?

Answer 14

Crenarchaeota
- hyperthermophiles

Euryarchaeota

• methanogens
• extreme halophiles
• thermoacidophiles

Question 15

How do hyperthermophiles live and what’s useful about them?

Answer 15

Optimum growth temperature 80 degrees, isolated from hot springs and hydrothermal vents and they are a source of thermostable enzymes

Question 16

What are methanogens, how do they get their energy and do anaerobic respiration?

Answer 16

They’re methane producing archaea and get their energy from methane biosynthesis. Use carbon dioxide, c-1, c-2 compounds as substrates for anaerobic respiration. Found in animal guts (anaerobic conditions)

Question 17

What are extreme halophiles used for and where do they live?

Answer 17

Live in high salt concentrated environments and contain bacteriorrhodopsin which is used in photosynthesis in absence of chrophyll and can act as a light driven proton pump

Question 18

What is unique about thermoacidophiles and where do they live?

Answer 18

One genus capable of growth below pH0 and are most acidophilic of all microorganisms. Found in hot acidic soils