Groups Of Bacteria Flashcards
Name some bacterial cell shapes?
Coccus, rod/bacillus, spiral, comma, filamentous, diplococci, chain of cocci
What are the primary identification tests for bacteria?
Visual characteristics and microscopic observations like; Gram stain Size and shape Arrangement Endoscopes Motility
Name the three primary identification tests
Catalase test
Oxidase test
Oxidation- fermentation
What is a medium?
Nutrient solution for growing microorganisms
What is an inoculum?
Initial small number of cells added and grown to give a culture
What is an agar?
Polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, melts as 100 degrees, remains molten down to 50 degrees
What’s a selective media?
Agent only allows growth of certain organisms
What is a differential agar?
Agent changed in some visible way
Name selective agents
Sodium chloride, crystal violet, bile salts, chloramphenicol
Name some differential agents
Blood
Fermentable carbohydrate plus pH indicator
Gas production
How are bacteria, archaea and eukarya related?
Common ancestor
What are the chacteristics of archaea?
Live in extreme environments, membranes have ether linkages , 16S rRNA signature sequence
What are the similarities between archaea and bacteria?
Size and shape
Prokaryote cell organisation
What are the differences between archaea and bacteria?
No peptidoglycan in cell wall
Cell membrane (no ester linkages)
Complex RNA polymerase
Insensitivity to antibiotics
What are the two major phyla for archaea?
Crenarchaeota
- hyperthermophiles
Euryarchaeota
- methanogens
- extreme halophiles
- thermoacidophiles
How do hyperthermophiles live and what’s useful about them?
Optimum growth temperature 80 degrees, isolated from hot springs and hydrothermal vents and they are a source of thermostable enzymes
What are methanogens, how do they get their energy and do anaerobic respiration?
They’re methane producing archaea and get their energy from methane biosynthesis. Use carbon dioxide, c-1, c-2 compounds as substrates for anaerobic respiration. Found in animal guts (anaerobic conditions)
What are extreme halophiles used for and where do they live?
Live in high salt concentrated environments and contain bacteriorrhodopsin which is used in photosynthesis in absence of chrophyll and can act as a light driven proton pump
What is unique about thermoacidophiles and where do they live?
One genus capable of growth below pH0 and are most acidophilic of all microorganisms. Found in hot acidic soils
