Vaccine Delivery 2 Flashcards
What is the most common method of delivering vaccines?
IM/SC injection
Why is the MMR vaccine not given until a child is older than 1 year?
Maternal antibodies will cause it to be less effective before then
What are some problems with IM/SC vaccine delivery? (3)
Poor patient compliance
Need for trained personnel to administer
Expensive to produce and store
Give an example of an IM vaccine used in the UK
Cervarix - HPV vaccine
Pandemrix - Swine flu vaccine
Celvapan - Swine flu vaccine
Covid-19 vaccines
Why are mucosal vaccines are good option for vaccine delivery?
Most pathogens enter the body at the mucosal surface
This stimulates humoral and cell-mediated responses
Meaning oral, nasal & pulmonary vaccine can have the same effect
What are the advantages and disadvantages of oral vaccine delivery?
Adv - Ease of administration
Dis - can be degraded by acid, bile salts & proteases
- needs to reach the peyers patch
What type of vehicle would be used for oral vaccine delivery?
Encapsulation vehicle
E.g. microspheres, liposomes
Describe the ideal properties of an encapsulation vehicle for oral vaccine delivery
Resistant to degradation in the GI tract
Allows vaccine to be absorbed at high enough concentration so that it is effective
What is the function of the peyers patch
Designed to take up particles
Therefore macromolecules and microorganism are able to be transported here
What is the function of M cells in the peyers patch
M cells internalise particles from the GI tract
How does particle size affect M cell targeting?
Particles greater than 10um are not taken up
How does hydrophobicity affect M cell targeting?
Hydrophobic particles are absorbed more readily
Describe Virus like particles used in vaccine delivery
VLPs are a subunit vaccine
Made of proteins that mimic the structure of a virus
Do not have nucleic acids so cannot replicate (not infectious)
What type of effect do pulmonary vaccines provide!
Both local and systemic
This is ideal for vaccination
Why is rectal vaccination preferred to vaginal?
Rectal includes the whole population
