Therapeutic Hormones Flashcards
What is GH?
Human growth hormone
What is FSH?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Where are GH and FSH secreted from?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
What hormones are the gonadotropins?
FSH and LH
Where does GH act?
Muscle and Bones
Where do the gonadotropins act?
Testes and Ovaries
What is is endogenous GH known as?
Somatotropin
What are the 2 routes by which GH acts by?
Direct effect - due to GH binding to its receptor on target cells
Indirect effect - stimulates liver to produce IGF-1
What is IGF-1?
Insulin-like growth factor 1
What is the effect of GH on soft tissue and bones?
Promotes growth of soft tissue by increasing cell size and number
Causes bones to growth in terms of length and thickness
Action on bones and tissue is mainly indirect (IGF-1)
What is the effect of GH on metabolism? (Protein, Fat & Glucose)
Increases amino acid uptake
Increased protein synthesis
Inhibits protein degradation
Increased blood fatty acid levels (triglyceride break down)
Increased blood glucose levels (decreases glucose uptake by muscles and increasing glucose output of liver)
List the other effects of hGH
Stimulate immune response
Increase glomerular filtration rate
Influence release of insulin, glucagon & thyroid hormones
True or false : All treatment with human growth hormone is via the recombinant method
True
What is the difference between recombinant GH (E.Coli) and endogenous GH?
Recombinant GH has an N-terminal Methionine residue
What are the clinical uses for recombinant GH?
- Promote linear growth in children with GH deficiency
- Modulation of metabolism in adults
- hGH deficiency
- short bowel syndrome
- Wasting disease in aids
What are the risks of hGH treatment?
Sudden death in PWS
Fluid rentention
Decreased insulin sensitivity
Change in facial bone structure
Describe endogenous FSH’s structure
Dimer glycoprotein
3D structure and carbohydrate side chains are essential for activity
What family does FSH belong to?
The glycoprotein gonadotropin family
FSH,LH & hCG
What do all members of the glycoprotein gonadotropin family share?
The same alpha subunit
What is the function of FSH
Regulates the development of germ cells in both males and females
How does FSH act in women?
Stimulate proliferation of granulosa cells
Causing follicle growth
How’s does FSH act in men?
FSH stimulates Sertoli cells
Causing sperm maturation
What can deficient FSH production cause
Ovulatory disorder and Sperm problem
Leads to infertility in both men and women
What are the approved uses of medical FSH in women?
Developing a single follicle for treating infertility
Generating multiple follicles for IVF
What are the approved uses of medical FSH in men?
Stimulating sperm production in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
What are the two preparations of medical FSH?
Urinary FSH
Recombinant FSH
