Vaccinations

Question 1

What is a Vaccination Programme?

Answer 1

• A system vaccinations and boosters that is designed to control a disease on a local, national and global scale.

Question 2

Who does a Mass Vaccination protect?

Answer 2

• Both the vaccinated people and unvaccinated people.
• Reduces likelihood epidemics and pandemics occurring through herd immunity.

Question 3

How does vaccinations make us immune to a disease?

Answer 3

• patient is injected with a tenuated pathogen or other antigentic material.
• INITIAL ANTIGEN EXPOSURE - clonal selection + clonal expansion happen when antibodies are produced.
• SECONDARY RESPONSE is when the memory cells act. Fast production of large number of antibodies
• no symptoms are shown and a fast recovery is made

Question 4

What routine vaccines are given in childhood?

Answer 4

• Polio
• whooping cough
• MMR
• Menigistic

Question 5

Why is it important most routine vaccinations are delivered in childhood?

Answer 5

-To offer you immunity from a young age.
- protects those who are unvaccinated.

Question 6

Why are boosters often needed?

Answer 6

• Initial antigen exposure if the first dose
• this elicits the PRIMARY RESPONSE
• CLONAL SELCTION, CLONAL EXPANSIONS, DIFFERENTIATION
• There is only small increase in antibody level meaning that not many memory cells are made.
• Secondary antigen exposure is the booster
• elicts secondary response
• The response is much faster and more antibodies are produced
• more memory cells will remain at the end of the response giving greater immunity against the pathogen.

Question 7

What vaccination is given at a later age?

Answer 7

• HPV (Human papiloma virus) is offered to boys and girls between the age of 12-13

Question 8

HPV

Answer 8

• Prevents females from contracting HPV, prevents them from getting gential warts
• offered before people become sexually active
• Offered to boys as boys could get genital warts which could be passed onto females.