Vaccination Flashcards
What are the principles of vaccination?
Memory and specificity
3 effectors needed;
Ab, CTL, Th
4 Antigen forms in vaccines:
Attenuated organism, dead organism, subunits, inactivated toxoids
Which type of vaccine is unsafe for immunosuppressed?
Attenuated organism
What is an adjuvent added to vaccines?
Extra ingredient to better stimulate immune system (esp Dcs) and allow slower release of the vaccine
What is the carrier added to vaccines?
Binds T cell epitopes for vaccines - use when subunits or toxoids - so stimulate Th too (add a bigger protein to it…)
5 general requirements for vaccines:
Effective in getting response from: Th1, Th2, Th17, Ab and or CTL Inexpensive Available Stable Safe
3 vaccine compartments and explain:
Antigen - live, killed, subunit or toxoid
Carrier - Th epitope
Adjuvent - non specific stimulator of a specific immune response
When was small pox declared eradicated?
1979
When was Rinderpest declared eradicated?
2011
Polio vaccine describe:
Sabine vaccine : live drops - really good at IgA response in the area that it enters (mouth)
Issue with influenza virus: explain
antigenic shift (point mutations) - partial protection and drift (drastic genome exchange between eg avian flu and human) no protection
Problems with flu vaccine:
Labour intensive - made in fertilised chicken eggs
New one needed every year and can get it wrong
Problems with HIV vaccine?
HIV changing all the time
Conjugate vaccines why?
Couple carb based ag to proteins to get T dep response
