Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Inflammation?

A

Tissue response to injury or infection, characterised by increased blood flow and entry of leukocytes into tissue

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2
Q

4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness, swelling, heat, pain

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3
Q

4 things used in inflammation?

A

Mast cells,neutrophils, complements, chemokines

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4
Q

What are complements:

A

A set of about 20 different proteins acting in an enzymatic amplification cascade system to generate a number of active components

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5
Q

3 ways of activating complement are:

A

Classical, Lectin, Alternative

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6
Q

Activation of complement leads to 3:

A

Release of peptides active in inflammation
Deposition of C3b which is a powerful opsonin
Membrane damage and lysis

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7
Q

Classical Activation Path:

A

Ag binds to IgG or IgM

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8
Q

Alternative pathway activation:

A

Direct interaction with polysaccharide on microbe surfaces, or PRRs used

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9
Q

Lectin Pathway complement Activation:

A

Bacterial cell walls have sugars, Mannose Binding Lectin recognises the sugar

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10
Q

What do all 3 paths end in making?

A

C3 convertase that breaks C3 to C3a and C3b

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11
Q

Lectin and classical C3 convertase name:

A

C4b2a3b

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12
Q

Alt path C3 convertase:

A

C3bBb3b

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13
Q

What happens after C3 split?

A

C5 split to C5 a and C5b

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14
Q

What is the membrane attack complex made of?

A

c5b-c9

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15
Q

How does the membrane attack complex work?

A

C8 acts like a dagger, C9 forms a pore allowing solutes in and out

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16
Q

Which complement opsonises?

A

C3b

17
Q

Which complements lead to mast cell degranulation?

A

C3a and C5a

18
Q

What else does C3b do?

A

Binds to Ab and Ag, RBC has a receptor for it - carries immune complex to liver and spleen

19
Q

What does C3d do?

A

Activates B lymphocytes and the adaptive system

20
Q

What else does C5a do?

A

chemotaxis

21
Q

4 things released from mast cells:

A

Phospholipase A2, vasoactive amines, cytokines, chemotactic factors

22
Q

What happens to Phospholipase A2?

A

changes into arachidonic acid which either changes into prostaglandins or leukotrienes

23
Q

What does Histmanine do?

A

Increases Vascular permeability so neutrophils enter site of inflammation

24
Q

Which complements attract neutrophils?

A

C5a and C3a

25
Q

What else increases vascular perm?

A

IL1 and TNF alpha from macrophages

26
Q

How do macrophages attract neutrophils?

A

IL8

27
Q

Describe the acute inflammatory Response:

A

Neutrophils have CD15, meet E selectin and roll
Neutrophil makes integrin…
Wall makes ICAM1 … bind to integrin
C3a, histamine, C5a.. _ diapedisis