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Immunology > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

3 Polymorphonuclear cells of the innate immune system

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

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2
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A

Link between innate and adaptive

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3
Q

2 types of dendritic cells:

A

Dendritic Cell and Follicular Dendritic Cell

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4
Q

Difference between dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells: 5

A

Dendritic cells are widespread, have MHC II, CD 80 and 86, are phagocytic and show processed Ag to T cells
FDC: In germinal centers of secondary lymphoid, no MHCII, no CD80 and CD86, no phagocytosis, show naive antigen to b cells

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5
Q

What are dendritic cells in skin called?

A

Langerhan’s cells

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6
Q

What do CD80 and CD86 interact with? what happens if none?

A

CD28 on T cells - if absent, T cells programs death

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7
Q

What do eosinophils act against? how?

A

Large parasites - release granule contents for extracellular killing

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8
Q

What is in eosinophil granule content?4

A

Major basic proteins, cationic protein, oxygen metabolites, perforin

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9
Q

What is the main role of basophils and mast cells?

A

Getting rid of parasitic worms

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10
Q

How do basophils and mast cells work?

A

Coat themselves with IgE by FcE receptor. Antigen cross links 2 FcER — inflammatory mediators released

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11
Q

5 Inflammatory mediators from basophils and mast cells (Stored and new):

A

Stored: Histamine and serotonin
New: TNF alpha, prostaglandin, leukotrienes

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12
Q

5 molecules of innate immunity:

A

PRRs, complement, APP, Defensins, Cytokines

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13
Q

3 things acute phase response does:

A

1- Enhances host resistance to infections and minimises tissue injury
2- Promotes resolution and repair of inflammatory lesions
3- Cytokines release due to PRR activation, act on liver to increase secretion of APP

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14
Q

3 cytokines that act on the liver in APP

A

IL1 , IL6, TNF

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15
Q

3 things produced by liver during APP:

A

1- C3 complement component
2- C-reactive protein which activates complement
3- Fibrinogen coagulation

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16
Q

What are defensins? 4

A
  • Nature’s antibiotic
  • Small cationic antimicrobial peptides
  • Widely expressed, esp by leukocytes and epithelium
  • Intracellular and secreted
17
Q

Two types of defensins - difference:

A

alpha defensins - constitutively expressed

beta defensins - some constitutively expressed, others induced

18
Q

How does immune system recognise antigens?

A

Use intracellular, cell surface and secreted PRRs

19
Q

What does the PRR recognise?

A

PAMPS and DAMPs

20
Q

Protein diversity of PRRs in individual:

A

10s - 100s

21
Q

Genes of PRR:

A

Each protein individually encoded, low polymorphism

22
Q

What are TLRs?

A

A large group of PRRs.

23
Q

3 TLRs on cell surface + what recognise:

A

TLR2- lipoproteins (gram +ve proteoglycan)
TLR4 - LPS (gram -ve)
TLR5- flagellum

24
Q

4 TLRs endosomal compartment + recog:

A

TLR3 - viral dsRNA
TLR 7 and 8 - ssRNA nucleotide analogue
TLR9 - unmethylated CPG DNA

25
Q

What do TLRs do?

A

Activate NFkB and IRF

26
Q

What does mannose receptor detect?

A

Terminal mannose

27
Q

What is the complement system?

A

Large number of molecules, many are pro - go on and activate another enzyme in a cascade like fashion

28
Q

Opsonisation

A

Coating a microorganism to make it more readily recognisable by the phagocytic cell

29
Q

What are the two main types of molecules that opsonise microorganisms?

A

Antibodies and complement proteins

30
Q

How does opsonisation work?

A

Phagocytic cells have molecules on their cell surface that recognises the ab or complement (CR)

31
Q

What are complement components also involved in?

A

chemotaxis and increasing vascular permeability as they make mast cells and basophils release inflammatory mediators

32
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Small secreted proteins that act as messengers between cells

33
Q

5 main groups of cytokines are:

A

IL, Colony stim factors, chemokines, IFN, TNF

34
Q

Functions of cytokines include 2:

A

control of Haematopoiesis and immune responses

Immunology (15 decks)

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