Cells of the Innate Immune Response

Question 1

Where do all specialised cells of the immune system originate from?

Answer 1

Self renewing multipotent Haematopoietic Stem Cells in Bone marrow

Question 2

2 Paths that the HPSCs take?

Answer 2

Common myeloid projenitor and common lymphoid progenitor

Question 3

Common Myeloid progenitor goes on to make: 8

Answer 3

1. Erythrocytes
2. Platelets
3. Dendritic Cells
4. Eosinophils
5. Neutrophils
6. Basophils
7. Mast cells
8. Macrophages

Question 4

Where do erythrocytes and platelets come from?

Answer 4

Megakaryocytes

Question 5

Where do macrophages come from?

Answer 5

Monocytes

Question 6

What does the Common lymphoid Progenitor turn to? 4

Answer 6

• B cells -> plasma cells
• T cells
• NK cells
• Plasma cytoid dendritic cells

Question 7

4 Just phagocytic cells:

Answer 7

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic

Question 8

Where are Neutrophils, eosinophils and NK cells found?

Answer 8

Blood and tissues

Question 9

Where are Monocytes and Basophils found?

Answer 9

Blood

Question 10

Where are macrophages and dendritic cells found?

Answer 10

Tissues

Question 11

Where are Mast Cells found?

Answer 11

Mucousa and connective tissue

Question 12

What do eosinophils do? 2

Answer 12

Phagocytic and promote inflammation

Question 13

2 other cells that promote inflammation:

Answer 13

Mast cells and basophils

Question 14

What do NK cells do?

Answer 14

Kill virus infected cells

Question 15

What do neutrophils do when infection?

Answer 15

Move out of blood into tissues

Question 16

How long do neutrophils live?

Answer 16

short 2-3 days

Question 17

What do macrophages do when infection?

Answer 17

Monocytes move into tissue and become macrophages

Question 18

How long do macrophages live?

Answer 18

Longer than neutrophils

Question 19

Follicular dendritic cell phag?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

8 steps of phagocytosis:

Answer 20

1-chemotaxis 2- Adherence to PAMP 3- Signal via PRR 4- Initiation of phagocytosis 5- Phagosome formed 6- Phagolysosome formed 7- Kill and digest 8- Release Products

Question 21

Explain the Acute Inflammatory Response:

Answer 21

Microorganism makes molecules like LPS, mast cells make histamine— increase P-selectin on vascular endothelium
PSGL1 on neutrophil attaches to P selectin, slows down, integrin attaches to other molecules on vascular endotheloum like ICAM 1 and E selectin - start rolling and diapedesis. Chemotaxis

Question 22

Oxidative Killing molecules: 5

Answer 22

1- Reactive oxygen intermediates 
2- O2 superoxide 
3- H2O2
4- OH radical
5- OCl-

Question 23

Non oxidative killing molecules 4

Answer 23

Lysozyme ,defensins, lactoferrin, proteases

Question 24

Nitric oxidative killing molecule:

Answer 24

Reactive nitrogen intermediates