Vaccination

Question 1

What is passive immunity?

Answer 1

• where you don’t make antibodies yourself
• where pathogen doesn’t enter the body
• so plasma and memory cells are not made
• no long-term immunity

Question 2

What is active immunity?

Answer 2

• where antibodies are made yourself
• following exposure to the pathogen or its antigen

Question 3

What are the two types of active immunity?

Answer 3

• natural active immunity
• artificial active immunity

Question 4

Process of vaccination

Answer 4

1. When lymphocytes exposed to B cells - go through clonal expansion and differentiation
2. B cells undergo mitosis to make large number of cells - differentiate into plasma cells or memory B cells
3. Plasma cells make antibodies
4. B memory cells can divide rapidly into plasma cells when re-infected with the same pathogen - to make large numbers of antibodies rapidly
5. Secondary response - when exposed to virus naturally, memory B cells don’t make antibodies, but divides by mitosis
   + Make plasma cells rapidly if they collide with an antigen they have previously encountered

• active immunity