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HESI RAD Practice > V3 - Image Production > Flashcards

V3 - Image Production Flashcards

1
Q

All other factors remaining the same, how will increasing the SID from 40 in to 60 in affect the appearance of a radiographic image?

A

Decreased magnification

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2
Q

Which scenario causes foreshortening of the anatomy on the image?

A

The humerus in contact with the IR, the forearm lifted off the IR, and the CR directed perpendicular to the long axis of the humerus.

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3
Q

Which device in the x-ray circuit changes alternating current to direct current?

A

Rectifier

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4
Q

An image of the abdomen demonstrates appropriate density and scale of contrast, but motion blur is present to peristalsis. If the original image was obtained with a 200 mA station and an exposure time of 0.35 seconds, which set of technical factors will produce comparable exposure while minimizing motion artifact?

A

500 mA and 0.14 seconds

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5
Q

The center of the x-ray beam must be aligned to the center of the bucky tray to within what percent of the SID?

A

1%

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6
Q

A lateral lumbar spine image was obtained with a field size of 11 x 14 inches at 95 kVp and AEC with the center detector selected. The resulting image demonstrates excessive quantum noise. Which is most likely cause for this appearance?

A

The patient was not accurately centered

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7
Q

Which effect will a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have on the appearance of a digital radiographic image?

A

Decreased contrast resolution

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8
Q

How does a wide window width affect an image?

A

Decreases contrast

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9
Q

Which device provides the required amount of voltage for x-ray production?

A

Transformer

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10
Q

Which device is located in the primary section of a general x-ray circuit?

A

Timer circuit

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11
Q

Opening the collimators wider than necessary using digital radiography has which effect on image quality?

A

Image noise is increased

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12
Q

Which is the best way to avoid excessive quantum noise when using cassette-based digital systems?

A

Increase the amount of exposure to the IR

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13
Q

Which set of exposure factors is most likely to provide clear visualization of the upper cervical spine through the mandible when performing an AP “wagging jaw” projection (Ottonello projection)?

A

75 kVp, 25 mA, 2 seconds

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14
Q

In cassette-based CR systems, the PSP is made of which material?

A

Barium fluorohalide

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15
Q

At which location is the ionization chamber located in an AEC device?

A

Between the grid and the IR

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16
Q

Which factors affect spatial resolution in digital imaging? (2)

A
  • Greater number of pixels.

- Smaller pixels.

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17
Q

Which mAs value should be selected for a patient measuring 30 cm if 22 mAs is optimal for a patient measuring 25 cm?

A

44 mAs

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18
Q

image Consider these different abdomen images of the same patient. What most likely caused the difference in these images?

A

Image A was produced at a shorter SID

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19
Q

Which term describes the process by which an overexposed or underexposed IR appears acceptable on a display monitor?

A

Rescaling

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20
Q

Which term refers to the positive electrode of the xray tube?

A

Anode

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21
Q

Which procedure is most effective for reducing localized image blurring caused by involuntary patient motion?

A

Decrease exposure times

22
Q

Which post-processing action is always acceptable?

A

Annotating with an upright marker to show the patient was in an erect position

23
Q

Which acronym describes a network of computers that manages digital images?

A

PACS

24
Q

Which radiopaque marker is image-appropriate after micturition has taken place?

A

Post-void

25
Q

Which x-ray tube orientation represents the correct application of the anode heel effect?

A

The anode end is positioned toward the head for an AP thoracic spine projection

26
Q

Which mA station will result in mAs value of 44 if the exposure time is 0.11 seconds?

A

400 mA

27
Q

Which is an advantage of digital imaging systems compared to traditional film-screen systems?

A

Improved contrast resolution

28
Q

Which post-processing techniques may be used with digital imaging? (3)

A
  • Electronic masking.
  • Filtering.
  • Smoothing.
29
Q

Which effect does a step-up transformer have on voltage and current?

A

Voltage is increased and current is decreased

30
Q

Which technical factor increases the number of x-ray photons reaching the IR?

A

Increased mA

31
Q

Which advantage is gained by increasing the standard SID from 40 to 48 inches?

A

Increased image resolution

32
Q

When using digital imaging, which has the greatest influence on contrast?

A

LUT

33
Q

A fixed kVp variable mA chart recommends exposure factors of 70 kVp and 32 mAs for an AP abdomen projection on an average sized patient. Based on this chart, which fixed kVp technique is most appropriate for an AP projection of a double contrast UGI image?

A

90 kVp, 8 mAs

34
Q

How will raising the window level affect the digital image?

A

Increase brightness

35
Q

Which substance is added to the x-ray tube housing to increase heat dissipation?

A

Oil

36
Q

Assuming AEC is to be used, what backup mAs are sufficient for a large (100kg) adult AP lumbar spine done at 80 kVp?

A

100 mAs

37
Q

How does aliasing appear radiographically when using CR?

A

Two superimposed images, slightly out of alignment

38
Q

image The mobile chest image lacks which required image element?

A

Anatomical markers

39
Q

With all other factors remaining the same, which SID results in the greatest exposure to the IR?

A

40 inches

40
Q

A radiograph of optimal density is produced at 15 mAs and a SID of 40 inches. Which mAs value is required to produce the same radiographic density if this exam is repeated at an SID of 48 inches?

A

22

41
Q

Which factor will have the greatest impact on decreasing recorded detail or spatial resolution?

A

Motion

42
Q

How are AEC devices for mammo different than those used with diagnostic radiography?

A

Greater accuracy is required

43
Q

Which is the best way for a radiographer to reduce the effects of patient motion during radiographic procedure on an adult patient?

A

Explain the procedure prior to beginning

44
Q

Which mAs setting is most likely to produce quantum mottle?

A

2.5 mAs

45
Q

Which image, when performed according to normal standards, will demonstrate the greatest magnification of the anatomy of interest?

A

Lateral cervical spine

46
Q

Which is the primary advantage of a rotating anode?

A

Less heat is generated at the target

47
Q

The collimator light must be aligned to the radiation field within what percent of the SID?

A

2%

48
Q

Which effect does switching to the small focal spot size have on the manifest image?

A

Image unsharpness decreases

49
Q

Which combination results in an image with the greatest recorded detail?

A

2in OID, 72in SID, 0.6mm FSS

50
Q

Which term refers to a graphical representation of pixel values?

A

Histogram

HESI RAD Practice (12 decks)

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