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HESI RAD Practice > V2 - Safety > Flashcards

V2 - Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of x-ray interaction results in the complete absorption of the incident photon by an orbital electron?

A

Photoelectric effect

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2
Q

Which exam is considered a nonessential exam?

A

Whole-body multislice CT screening

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3
Q

Which type of x-ray photons are present in the remnant x-ray beam, but not in the primary beam?

A

Scattered

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4
Q

Which statement correctly identifies appropriate use of fluoroscopic technology?

A

The fluoroscopist must ensure that a cumulative timer is present and used

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5
Q

Which characteristics are true of both x-rays and gamma rays? (3)

A
  • Damage both biologic tissue through indirect action.
  • Are low energy transfer (LET) radiation.
  • Are electromagnetic radiation.
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6
Q

Which diseases are most prevalent in connection with the 1986 chernobyl nuclear power accident? (3)

A
  • Leukemia.
  • Thyroid Cancer.
  • Breast Cancer.
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7
Q

Which is described as an interaction between an x-ray photon and an outer-shell electron, weakly bound to an atom of the absorbing medium?

A

Compton scattering

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8
Q

Which projection of the skull will result in the greatest exposure to the lens of the eye?

A

AP axial

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9
Q

A 41 yo male is having a radiographic procedures performed. The patient asks the radiographer, “what kind of radiation protection policy do you have in place for your patients?” How should the radiographer respond?

A

We use the ALARA philosophy

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10
Q

Which fluoroscopic kVp factor is most appropriate for optimal patient radiation protection?

A

100-110 kVp

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11
Q

Pediatric patients require special consideration and appropriate radiation protection procedures because they are more vulnerable to which?

A

Both the late somatic effects and genetic effects of radiation

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12
Q

Which is an advantage of an OSL dosimeter?

A

Classifies various energy levels of radiation received

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13
Q

Which chest x-ray projection reduces exposure to female breast tissue?

A

PA

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14
Q

A patient receives an entrance skin dose of 5 mGy during a lumbar spine procedure. How much exposure will the radiographer receive when standing 1 meter from the patient?

A

0.005 mGy

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15
Q

What is the maximum leakage radiation quantity permitted for a diagnostic x-ray tube housing when measured 1 meter from the housing?

A

1 mGya/hour

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16
Q

Which qualification is needed to hold the position of Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)?

A

Knowledge of proper radiation safety

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17
Q

When applying gonadal shielding to the ovaries of a patient, the ovarian shields should be placed where?

A

1 inch medial to each ASIS

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18
Q

Which thickness of aluminum filtration will most decrease the patient’s skin dose?

A

2.5 mm

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19
Q

Using manual fixed fluoroscopic technology, which method will lessen patient dose?

A

Increase kVp and filtration

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20
Q

Is the radiographer meeting ALARA principles if images stay within recommended exposure index ranges, but are always at the high end of the range?

A

No, the radiographer should aim for the lowest index within range that produces an acceptable image.

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21
Q

The large amount of heat generated during x-ray production is primarily the result of which?

A

The bombardment of the target by high-speed electrons

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22
Q

Which characteristic of cells makes them more radiosensitive?

A

High reproductive rate

23
Q

Which patient is most at risk for catastrophic embryonic damage from radiation?

A

A 46 yo that just found out she is 6 wks pregnant by her physician

24
Q

Which may be effects of fetal irradiation? (4)

A
  • Childhood and early adult cancers.
  • Prenatal death.
  • Developmental abnormalities.
  • Growth retardation.
25
Q

A 30 yo male was exposed to a large amount of radiation in an accident last week; he experienced general malaise, diarrhea, nausea, and vomitting 2 days after the initial exposure, but now feels fine and reports the symptoms have subsided. The patient’s presentation is mimicking which stage of acute radiation syndrome (ARS)?

A

Latent

26
Q

image Which statements accurately describe the dose-response relationship depicted in the graph? (3)

A
  • A response will be directly proportional to the radiation dose.
  • A radiation dose below a certain point on the graph is completely safe.
  • A response will occur only at doses of radiation above a specific point.
27
Q

Who should stay in the patient’s room during a portable x-ray examination done in a hospital room?

A

Radiographers

28
Q

What is the National Council on Radiation Protection’s (NCRP) recommended maximum annual equivalent dose to the general public for frequent exposure?

A

1 mSv

29
Q

In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated, who should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose?

A

Radiologic Physicist

30
Q

Which property describe x-rays?

A

Cause biological and chemical changes

31
Q

When should a radiographer stand in the primary beam to restrain a patient?

A

Never

32
Q

Fetal exposure, in excess of which level, warrants possible termination of a pregnancy?

A

250 mGy

33
Q

How can the radiographer decrease radiation exposure when performing radiographic examinations on pediatric patients? (3)

A
  • Use non-grid techniques.
  • Decrease field size.
  • Effectively communicate expectations to patient.
34
Q

Which protective features are designed to reduce exposure to the patient during fluoroscopic procedures? (3)

A
  • Foot switch.
  • Five-minute reset timer.
  • Automatic collimation.
35
Q

What is the annual effective dose limit in mSv for a radiography student who is less than 18 yo?

A

1 mSv

36
Q

What is the annual occupational effective dose limit for a 43 yo radiographer?

A

50 mSv

37
Q

An electrically neutral sodium atom has 1 valence electron. What chemical event happens when the sodium atoms encounter a chlorine atom with 7 valence electrons?

A

Ionic bonding

38
Q

What advantage does a TLD have over a film badge?

A

More accurate

39
Q

Where should radiographers clip their radiation monitors when wearing an apron for fluoroscopy?

A

At the collar, outside of the lead apron

40
Q

Hematologic depression is noted on blood tests of a patient who has had several radiation therapy treatments. What is the most probable minimum dose that this patient received?

A

0.25 Gy

41
Q

A radiographer is using a c-arm to assist during an intrapreoperative left hip pinning. The surgeon asks for a lateral view, so the radiographer swings the c-arm to comply with this request. With the c-arm in this position, where should the radiographer stand to limit radiation exposure?

A

Six feet behind the image intesifier

42
Q

Which items can be used as indicators of the quality of diagnostic x-ray beam (2)

A
  • kVp.

- HVL.

43
Q

How should the radiographer alter an AP or oblique lumbar spine projection in order to reduce generally significant dose (GSD) to the patient? (4)

A
  • Use 85 kVp instead of 75 kVp.
  • Perform PA instead of AP, and anterior obliques instead of posterior obliques.
  • Use AEC and be sure the spine is positioned over the single, center cell.
  • Employ gonadal shielding.
44
Q

Which factors will result in greater x-ray attenuation? (3)

A
  • Greater tissue density.
  • Higher atomic number.
  • Increased thickness of body part.
45
Q

Which increases a radiographer’s radiation exposure?

A

Choosing low kVp, high mAs factors

46
Q

Characteristic x-rays, which are useful in diagnostic radiography, are more likely to be produced when the projectile electron interacts with a bound electron in which shell?

A

K

47
Q

As linear energy transfer (LET) increases, the ability of ionizing radiation to cause biologic effects does what?

A

Increases until it reaches maximum value

48
Q

Which of these atoms or parts of atoms exhibits no charge?

A

Neutron

49
Q

How much lead equivalence is required for fluoroscopic curtains?

A

0.25 mm

50
Q

Which type of radiation causes cells to demonstrate the greatest increase in radiosensitivity when in an highly oxygenated state?

A

Diagnostic x-rays

51
Q

How much total aluminum equivalent filtration is required for a fixed (not mobile) x-ray unit operating over 70 kVp?

A

2.5 mm

52
Q

Under which condition might an x-ray photon be deviated from its original direction?

A

Interaction occurs

53
Q

Which will decrease a radiographer’s occupational exposure most during an exam?

A

Double the distance between the radiographer and the source

HESI RAD Practice (12 decks)

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