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HESI RAD Practice > V2 - Image Production > Flashcards

V2 - Image Production Flashcards

1
Q

Which factor will increase x-ray beam quantity at the IR without increasing heat units produced by the tube?

A

Decreased filtration

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2
Q

A breathing technique is planned for a RAO sternum radiograph. The intended exposure is 50 mAs at 75 kVp at 100 cm SID. Which mA station is preferred, assuming the radiographer ensures exposure occurs during the act of inspiration?

A

50

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3
Q

Which is one function of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) network?

A

Downloading images from different imaging modalities

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4
Q

Which term refers to the process by which digital radiography (DR) systems adjust for exposure errors so that the image is displayed with proper brightness and contrast levels?

A

Automatic rescaling

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5
Q

Which description best defines a histogram?

A

Graph where x-axis is the amount of exposure read, and the y-axis is the number of pixels

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6
Q

Which best describes anode heel effect?

A

A phenomenon where x-ray intensity is greater under the cathode

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7
Q

Which term refers to unwanted fluctuations in the brightness of an image?

A

Noise

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8
Q

Why is it important for the radiographer to observe the mAs readout at the end of each exposure when using AEC?

A

This value may be used as a basis for calculating manual techniques

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9
Q

Historically, rhenium was alloyed to the tungsten in the filament of valve tubes to increase electron emission. What is the major reason that isn’t used in x-ray tube filaments?

A

To permit fine control of electron emission by filament heating current

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10
Q

What is the result if the total lead content of a grid is decreased?

A

Decreased scatter absorption

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11
Q

Which factor would the radiographer choose to maximize recorded detail in the image?

A

Small focal spot

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12
Q

Pelvis routine calls for an AP with a perpendicular CR, and an axial AP with a 40 degree cephalic angle. Using a caliper measurement, the technique chart yields a perfect set of exposure factors for the perpendicular AP. How will the necessary exposure factors for the axial differ from the perpendicular AP?

A

Greater measurement, higher kVp and mAs

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13
Q

What could cause a CR image with very noticeable lines uniformly in the same direction over the entire image? (3)

A

Noise resulting from the plate reader electronics. Grid used with grid frequency equal to the image reader’s laser scan lines. Grid utilized with grid lines running parallel to the laser scan lines of the image reader device.

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14
Q

What would a continuous, fine, horizontal white line across the CR image indicate?

A

Dirt on the light guide or laser head

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15
Q

Which material is used on most anode disks and is light, strong, and heat-resistant?

A

Molybdenum

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16
Q

An imaging department, having difficulty obtaining acceptable tangential patella images, has opted to have the post processing mode set to “fixed” for all patella images. Why is this a good choice?

A

Fixed mode works well for exams where it is difficult to center the image on the IR

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17
Q

A step up transformer with 300 turns in the primary coil is supplied with 220 volts to this primary. How many secondary turns are needed to produce a 66,000 volt output?

A

90,000 turns

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18
Q

Which is the preferred method for indicating the correct anatomic side on a radiographic image?

A

Place the side marker directly on the IR prior to exposure

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19
Q

If a radiographer wanted to double image density without doubling the patient’s dose, which action should be taken?

A

Increase kVp by 15%

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20
Q

In order to increase the number of shades of gray displayed on a digital image what should be done?

A

Increase window width

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21
Q

What results from utilizing a lower grid ratio?

A

Lower contrast, but greater error of margin in CR placement

22
Q

How does emphysema impact radiographic imaging of the chest?

A

Emphysema is a destructive disease, meaning the chest tissue is more radiolucent

23
Q

Which component of radiographic noise in digital imaging is controlled by the radiographer?

A

Quantum mottle

24
Q

Digital radiography has the ability to produce 16,000 shades of gray. What appropriate bit depth (dynamic range) does this represent?

A

14 bit depth

25
Q

Determine the file size for an image with a 512 x 512 matrix and 12 gray scale bit depth.

A

393216 bytes

26
Q

How can contrast scale be modified on a digital image? (2)

A
  • Alter window width.

- Collimate more closely.

27
Q

Assuming other exposure factors remain the same, which SID causes the greatest reduction in x-ray quantity at the IR?

A

72 inches

28
Q

Which type of exposure technique chart would allow the radiographer to make small, fine adjustments for orthopedic work?

A

Variable kVp

29
Q

Which component of a diagnostic x-ray tube restricts the primary beam to the area of interest?

A

Collimator

30
Q

Which CR or DR produces images with the highest spatial resolution?

A

Amorphous selenium - direct capture DR

31
Q

A radiographer is performing a portable abdomen is using an IR with a 8:1 grid. The radiographer knows a technique for the abdomen using a 12:1 grid is 80 kVp using 50 mAs. Which would the new technique be in order to maintain image quality?

A

80 kVp @ 40 mAs

32
Q

How does a radiographer maximize signal to digital image receptors? (3)

A
  • Longer exposure time.
  • Compression of the body part.
  • Shorter SID.
33
Q

Place the following mAs selections in order from which will cause the greatest exposure to the IR to the least exposure, if all other factors remain.

A

highest mAs to the lowest

34
Q

Which advantage does a 500 mA station have over a 200 mA station?

A

Increased photon flux to the IR

35
Q

Which pathologic condition will result in the greatest attenuation of the beam?

A

Ascites

36
Q

If a transformer has a great number of turns in the secondary coil than in the primary coil, how will the output voltage be affected?

A

Increased

37
Q

In a conventional tomography, the radiographer is able to control the thickness of the tomographic slice by altering which of the following?

A

Exposure angle

38
Q

In which way can the radiographer minimize motion due to peristalsis?

A

Decreases exposure time

39
Q

At 50 inch SID, how closely must the ex-ray beam and the light field be aligned?

A

1 inch

40
Q

Which statement is correct regarding the relationship of patient dose to exposure index (EI)?

A

EI gives an approximation of the patient’s dose

41
Q

If CR imaging plates haven’t been used, how often should they be erased?

A

48 hours

42
Q

Which function are RIS networks are capable of performing?

A

Tracking radiology scheduling information

43
Q

A finished radiograph has marked quantum mottle. Positioning, collimation, and identification markers are correct. Which action should the radiographer take?

A

Repeat the image with an appropriate increase in technical factors

44
Q

If all the bucky digital images from one radiographic room seem to appear excessively noisy, what might the radiographer suspect?

A

The AEC is set at an inappropriate speed class

45
Q

What is a method of electronic display resolution quality control testing?

A

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) test pattern

46
Q

What is the purpose of shuttering?

A

To black out areas of light and make fine details more visible

47
Q

How much compensation is needed for a change to a small focal spot?

A

None

48
Q

Which will increase the appearance of noise in a digital image, assuming only the named factor in each response is changed?

A

Large matrix

49
Q

If 7 mAs provide optimal density without a grid, which mAs should be used with a 12:1 grid?

A

GCF of 5

50
Q

CR imaging creates images with poorer resolution than that of film screen. What compensates for this loss of resolution?

A

The wide latitude

HESI RAD Practice (12 decks)

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