V2 - Procedures Flashcards
While performing an AP projection of the scapula, what should be done to the patient’s arm to move the patient’s scapula in a lateral direction?
Abduction
image Identify the urinary bladder in the retrograde pyelogram.
YOU SHOULD KNOW THIS
Which part of the scapula is used as a positioning landmark due to its location at the level of T7?
Inferior angle
On a fan lateral radiograph of a left hand, which group of bones is best visualized?
Phalanges
Body habitus can affect many things, including the position of the GB. Place the body habitus in order from which habitus will cause the GB to occupy the highest position in the abdominal cavity to the habitus that will cause the GB to the lowest portion of the abdominal cavity.
Hypersthenic > Sthenic > Hyposthenic > Asthenic
A radiographer critiques an AP image of the ribs. The left SC joint is demonstrated without vertebral column superimposition. What should the radiographer do?
Rotate the patient to the right
Which projection is the freest of bony superimposition over the TMJ?
Axiolateral (Schuller)
image In the lateral skull image, click the anterior arch of C1.
The backwards facing D seen posterior to the ramus of the mandible and anterior to the dens
During an esophagram, which action may demonstrate esophageal varices?
Instruct the patient to do the valsavla maneuver
Which is the proper amount and direction of heel rotation recommended for a PA projection of the patella?
5-10 degrees laterally
What should be done to correct positioning on an AP elbow with lateral rotation, when the radial head is slightly superimposed over the proximal ulna on the first effort?
The elbow joint should be rotated laterally
Which projection will most clearly show a clay shoveler’s fracture?
Lateral cervical
image place the cursor on the xiphoid process of the sternum.
about 1/3 of the lower sternum
The 45 degree oblique ankle image demonstrates the calcaneus obscuring the distal aspect of the lateral mortise and distal fibula. How should the radiographer correct this image?
Dorsiflex foot
What can be demonstrated with a left lateral decubitus position of the thorax?
Air in the right pleural space and fluid in the left pleural space
Which central ray angulation is recommended to prevent foreshortening of the sacrum on an AP projection?
15 degrees cephalad
image Click on the duodenal bulb in the PA Small bowel image
Arrowhead shaped structure near T12 & L1
Which bony landmark is commonly used for central ray location on an AP chest projection?
Jugular notch
For a lateral femur, if a patient is rotated too far anteriorly, what will happen to the condyles on the distal femur?
Medial condyle will be anterior to the lateral condyle
While reviewing for an AP portable chest exam on the display a radiographer notices the medial ends of the clavicles are demonstrated just below the top of the apices of the lungs. Which positioning error has occurred?
The CR was angled toward the head
On a radiograph of a shoulder, the greater tubercle is visualized in profile. Which projection was taken?
AP, external rotation
Which describes correct positioning for a PA chest projection? (3)
- The shoulders are depressed.
- The MCP is parallel with the IR.
- The shoulders are at equal distances from the IR.
What is the angle between the intervertebral foramina and the MSP in the thoracic spice?
90 degrees
Which describes the correct positioning for demonstrating the right SI joint, with the joint space open?
25 degrees, LPO
image Study the four digital images of both shoulders. What best describes the quality of these images?
The degree of internal rotation was inadequate on both sides.
Where should the radiographer direct the CR for a PA chest?
MSP and 18-20 cm below the vertebral prominens
There are several methods to overcome sagging of the lumbar spine in the lateral position. Where should the radiographer begin?
Assessing the line connecting the spinous processes relative to the table top
What condition may increase bowel motility?
Malabsorption syndrome
Which projection of the foot demonstrates the cuboid bone in profile with the least bony superimposition?
AP, medial oblique
Which procedure is most appropriate when performing a cervical spine exam for suspected trauma on a patient on a backboard with the head immobilized?
Obtain a cross-table lateral for the physician prior to further imaging
Place the parts of the GI tract in order from proximal to distal.
Duodenum > Jejunum > Ileum > Cecum
Which position is used to demonstrate the left kidney in profile for an IVU?
30-degree RPO
When performing an RAO projection of the sternum, a radiographer will rotate the patient 15-20 degrees. Why is this done?
To prevent superimposition of the vertebrae and sternum
A patient arrives in the emergency department on a backboard and suspicion for cervical spine injury. Prior to radiographs being taken, the physician notes that the patient’s anterior neck muscles are rigidly contracted. In light of this formation, which should be done first?
Obtain a cross-table lateral projection
Which facial bones projection should the radiographer use to most clearly demonstrate a blowout fracture?
Parietoacanthial (waters) projection
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates the duodenal bulb filled with barium and free of superimposition?
PA oblique projection, RAO
image How should the radiographer correct this image of a medial oblique foot?
Increase medial rotation
Which represents the proper amount of internal leg rotation for the ankle mortise joint to appear open?
15-20 degrees
Which exam may be used to assess cruciate ligament pathology?
Knee arthrogram
Correct positioning for an AP pelvis requires the lower limbs to be internally rotated until which structures are parallel with the IR?
Femoral necks
To demonstrate scoliosis, which procedure is best?
Erect AP of the entire spine
If a patient is to undergo a small bowel series without a preceding upper GI series, how much barium sulfate suspension should the patient be given?
Two 250 cc cups
image A lateral scapula image demonstrates the lateral border of the scapula next to the ribs and the vertebral border of the scapula demonstrated posterolaterally. How should the radiographer correct this image?
Decrease patient obliquity
What is the correct position of the MSP with respect to the IR when performing a true lateral projection of the skull?
Parallel to the IR
Which CR angulation is recommended for an AP axial projection of the toes?
15 degrees toward the heel
Which is the best projection to evaluate the coronoid process in profile?
Medial oblique elbow
An 82 yo female patient is transported to the x-ray department for an examination of the right hip. The ordering physician informs the radiographer the patient fell at home, and there is high suspicion for a femoral neck fracture. Which positioning guideline is best for the radiographer to follow?
Do not move the affected leg
image In the AP c-spine image, click on the Left transverse process of C7
R side of C7 on image
Which position most accurately describes the Camp Coventry method for demonstrating the intercondylar fossa of the knee?
Prone with the femur parallel to the IR
Which position is a radiographer performing if the patient’s hand is turned in extreme internal rotation, with the CR directed perpendicular to the first MCP joint?
AP thumb
Which projection demonstrates the right kidney in profile?
30 degree LPO
image A lateral knee image reveals that the femoral condyles are not superimposed with the medial condyle situated posteriorly. How should the radiographer correct this image?
Position patella closer to the IR
An image demonstrates the patella superimposing the medial condyle of the knee and little superimposition between the head of the fibula and the proximal tibia. Which projection of the knee has been correctly performed?
AP with medial rotation
image of hip What should the radiographer do to correct this image?
No correction needed
A radiographer evaluates a PA chest radiograph. The image demonstrates rotation, but the radiographer believes that the rotation resulted from the patient’s scoliosis. What would be demonstrated on the image to make the radiographer believe this is the case?
The distance between the lung margins and the spine varies down the length of each lung
Which position of the elbow will clearly demonstrate the radial neck free of ulnar superimposition?
Lateral oblique
Where are the pedicles located on a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine image?
At the center of the vertebral body
When attempting to demonstrate air-fluid levels, what is the correct CR orientation for an AP semierect chest projection?
Parallel to the floor
A radiographer critiques an AP ankle projection. The medial mortise joint is open while the lateral mortise joint is closed. How can the radiographer adjust the ankle to correct this image?
No correction needed
On a lateral radiograph of a patient’s leg, where will the patient’s tibia be in relation to the fibula?
Partially superimposed
Which finding is considered a contraindication for myelography?
Blood in the CSF
According to “Merrill’s Atlas,” where should the CR be centered to best demo the rami for a PA mandible projection?
The acanthion
image Which position was used to produce the image of the stomach?
LAO
When imaging toes, how much is the CR angled for the AP axial image?
15 degrees
