V. General Cervical Biomechanics Flashcards
_______ is the most flexible (greatest global ROM and circumduction) region of the spine
cervical
What is the neurologic significance of the cervical spine
-location of spinal cord, brainstem and nerve roots -rich in proprio and mechanoreceptors -has righting reflexes
Because of _____ and _____ the cervical spine is compromised stability and is therefore prone to injury and compensation.
small structures : increased flexibility
What is the normal lordosis of the cervical spine (C1-C7)?
What help determine the lordotic curve of the cervical spine?
facet angle and pillar height
Hyperlordotic curve of the cervical spine can be caused by what?
congenital
compensational (hyperkyphotic thoracics)
degenerative changes (osteoporosis)
Which is more common in the cervical spine, hyperlordosis or hypolordosis?
hypolordosis
What are the effects of a hyperlorditic cervical spine?
- posterior disc compression
- anterior disc tensile stress
- shortening of posterior musculature
- possible predisposition to facet syndrome
Hypolordotic curve of the cervical spine can be caused by what?
- congenital (hyperplastic pillars)
- compensational (flat back posture)
- post traumatic (CAD trauma)
- antalgic (CAD trauma, acute facet syndrome)
What are the effects of a hypolordotic cervical spine?
- compression of anterior disc
- tensile stress to posterior ligaments, discs and joint capsules
- increased work load of paravertebral muscles
- decreased shock absorption
- shortening of the anterior cervical muscles
- muscle splinting which further straightens curve
What is the inclinometric global ROM for flexion of the cervical spine?
60º
What is the inclinometric global ROM for extention of the cervical spine?
75º
What is the inclinometric global ROM for lateral flexion of the cervical spine?
45º
What is the inclinometric global ROM for rotation of the cervical spine?
80º
What is the observational global ROM for flexion of the cervical spine?
approximately chin to chest
What is the observational global ROM for extension of the cervical spine?
approximately looking directly at the ceiling
What is the observational global ROM for lateral flexion of the cervical spine?
ear approximately 2” from shoulder
What is the observational global ROM for rotation of the cervical spine?
approximately chin to shoulder
What muscles produce integrated global movement as a result of the head moving in relation to the trunk?
non-segmental muscles in the cervical spine
Eccentric activity of non-segmental muscles predominates in what motions of the cervical spine?
extension, flexion and lateral flexion
Segmental muscles of the cervical spine coordinate and integrate segemental motion acting as _____ _____ of overall movement.
involuntary integrators
Which are more likely to cause static listings in the cervical spine, non-segmental or segmental muscles?
segmental muscles
