UWSA1

Question 1

Codman triangle, sunburst periosteal reaction, moth-eaten lytic lesions, destruction of normal trabecular bone pattern, lifting of the periosteum

Answer 1

Osteosarcoma.

Question 2

The appearance of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base pairs is known as? What is this an indicator of?

Answer 2

DNA laddering, indicator of apoptosis

Question 3

What is the effect of stimulating M3 receptors on the skin?

Answer 3

Increased sweat production

Question 4

What does Jimson Weed contain?

Answer 4

Notably Atropine (anticholinergic), but also other anticholinergics such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine

Question 5

Occurence of multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic manifestations, often in different organ systems, as a result of a single genetic defect

Answer 5

Pleiotropy

Question 6

What is the mutation for chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Answer 6

t(9;22)

Question 7

What is the mutation for acute lymphocytic leukemia?

Answer 7

t(12;21)

Question 8

Which interleukin is produced exclusively by antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes?

Answer 8

IL-2

Question 9

Cadherins (desmogleins, desmocollins, E-cadherin) are transmembrane proteins that interact intracellularly w/ intermediate proteins (catenin, plakoglobin, desmoplakin), which facilitates binding to?

Answer 9

Intermediate filaments (keratin) or microfilaments (actin) within the cytoplasm

Question 10

Interactions between the extracellular domains of adjacent cadherins is dependent on what ion?

Answer 10

Calcium. Removing calcium from the ECF will cause dissociation of cadherin-mediated junctions, leading to loss of cell-cell adhesion

Question 11

Are the integrins of hemidesmosomes calcium dependent?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What is verruca vulgaris?

Answer 12

Common warts due to HPV

Question 13

What is the process for the stimulation of the pancreas by the duodenum to secrete bicarbonate?

Answer 13

Delivery of acidic chyme to duodenum triggers gallbladder bile release and stimulates the S cells in the crypts of Lierberkuhn to release secretin into circulation. Pancrease is *prompted by secretin to generate the bicarb rich fluid*

Question 14

What is the most important risk factor for postpartum endometritis (note not same as endometriosis)

Answer 14

Cesarean delivery due to introduction of microbiral organisms and foreign bodies into incised uterus. Signs and symptoms include fever, leukocytosis, uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge.

Question 15

What are the two mature defense mechanisms? Describe them

Answer 15

Sublimation: channeling impulses into socially acceptable behaviors Suppression: putting unwanted feelings aside to cope w/ reality

Question 16

A teacher is yelled at by the principal. Instead of confronting the principal directly, the teacher goes home and criticizes her husband’s dinner selection. What defense mechanism is this?

Answer 16

Displacement

Question 17

PIGG(l)ET mnemonic for the Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases? What is the pathway?

Answer 17

Prolactin, Immunomodulators (cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN), GH, G-CSF, Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin

Question 18

Get Found IN the MAP

Answer 18

Receptor tyrosine kinases INsulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF Think Growth Factors (Get Found IN the MAP) MAP kinase pathway

Question 19

Question 20

Pancreatic exocrine secretions contain fixed concentrations of sodium and potassium. What is the secretion of Bicarb/Cl- during low flow? High flow?

Question 21

Salivary gland secretions slow vs fast secretion

Answer 21

At low flow rates, ductal epithelial contact w/ secretions is longer, generating saliva with lower sodium and chloride, but higher potassium

At high flow rates, ductal contact is decreased, so secretions will have high sodium, bicarb, chloride, but lower potassium

Question 22

What are some of the clinical features of Acute Stress Disorder? What is the required timeline?

Answer 22

Exposure to actual trauma (or threatened). Intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbags. Avoidance of reminders of event. Exaggerated startle. Impaired sleep/concentration

**Lasting 3 days at least, but less than or equal to 1 month**

Question 23

What disorder has 1 or more delusions for at least 1 month or greater, where the patient has normal functioning apart from direct impact of delusions?

Answer 23

Delusional disorder

Question 24

What is brief psychotic disorder?

Answer 24

Greater than or equal to 1 day, but less than 1 month of sudden onset psychotic symptoms

Question 25

What value is (1-specificity) and is independent of disease prevalence?

Answer 25

False positive rate

Question 26

Value that is defined as the risk of developing a certain endpoint in patients with a specific exposure, divided by the risk in unexposed group

Question 27

What is the enzyme that converts Porphobilinogen to Hydroxymethylbilane? What is the disorder when it is deficient?

Answer 27

PBG deaminase, Acute Intermittent Porphyria

Question 28

What is an X-linked defect in the T-cell CD40 ligand (CD154)?

Answer 28

Hyper-IgM, defect prevents effective B cell isotype switching from IgM to other immunoglobulins. Absence of IgG production predisposes patients to development of recurrent infection w/ encapsulated bacteria (but not fungi)

Question 29

Patients w/ DKA are going to have

• metabolic acidosis
• ketonemia
• ketonuria
• hyperglycermia
• glycosuria
• hyponatremia
• hypovolemia
• hyperkalemia

Question 30

Question 31

What is the hallmark of 5a-reductase deficiency?

Answer 31

Increased serum testosterone: DHT ratio, as testosterone can’t be converted to DHT

Question 32

Question 33

How do nitrates effect HR and EDLVV

Answer 33

Vasodilation (primarily venodilation) decreases LV volume and wall stress. Drop in systemic bp causes reflex tachycardia.