UWSA1 Flashcards
Codman triangle, sunburst periosteal reaction, moth-eaten lytic lesions, destruction of normal trabecular bone pattern, lifting of the periosteum
Osteosarcoma.
The appearance of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base pairs is known as? What is this an indicator of?
DNA laddering, indicator of apoptosis
What is the effect of stimulating M3 receptors on the skin?
Increased sweat production
What does Jimson Weed contain?
Notably Atropine (anticholinergic), but also other anticholinergics such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine
Occurence of multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic manifestations, often in different organ systems, as a result of a single genetic defect
Pleiotropy
What is the mutation for chronic myelogenous leukemia?
t(9;22)
What is the mutation for acute lymphocytic leukemia?
t(12;21)
Which interleukin is produced exclusively by antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes?
IL-2
Cadherins (desmogleins, desmocollins, E-cadherin) are transmembrane proteins that interact intracellularly w/ intermediate proteins (catenin, plakoglobin, desmoplakin), which facilitates binding to?
Intermediate filaments (keratin) or microfilaments (actin) within the cytoplasm
Interactions between the extracellular domains of adjacent cadherins is dependent on what ion?
Calcium. Removing calcium from the ECF will cause dissociation of cadherin-mediated junctions, leading to loss of cell-cell adhesion
Are the integrins of hemidesmosomes calcium dependent?
No
What is verruca vulgaris?
Common warts due to HPV
What is the process for the stimulation of the pancreas by the duodenum to secrete bicarbonate?
Delivery of acidic chyme to duodenum triggers gallbladder bile release and stimulates the S cells in the crypts of Lierberkuhn to release secretin into circulation. Pancrease is *prompted by secretin to generate the bicarb rich fluid*
What is the most important risk factor for postpartum endometritis (note not same as endometriosis)
Cesarean delivery due to introduction of microbiral organisms and foreign bodies into incised uterus. Signs and symptoms include fever, leukocytosis, uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
What are the two mature defense mechanisms? Describe them
Sublimation: channeling impulses into socially acceptable behaviors Suppression: putting unwanted feelings aside to cope w/ reality
A teacher is yelled at by the principal. Instead of confronting the principal directly, the teacher goes home and criticizes her husband’s dinner selection. What defense mechanism is this?
Displacement
PIGG(l)ET mnemonic for the Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases? What is the pathway?
Prolactin, Immunomodulators (cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN), GH, G-CSF, Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin
Get Found IN the MAP
Receptor tyrosine kinases INsulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF Think Growth Factors (Get Found IN the MAP) MAP kinase pathway
Pancreatic exocrine secretions contain fixed concentrations of sodium and potassium. What is the secretion of Bicarb/Cl- during low flow? High flow?
Salivary gland secretions slow vs fast secretion
At low flow rates, ductal epithelial contact w/ secretions is longer, generating saliva with lower sodium and chloride, but higher potassium
At high flow rates, ductal contact is decreased, so secretions will have high sodium, bicarb, chloride, but lower potassium
What are some of the clinical features of Acute Stress Disorder? What is the required timeline?
Exposure to actual trauma (or threatened). Intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbags. Avoidance of reminders of event. Exaggerated startle. Impaired sleep/concentration
**Lasting 3 days at least, but less than or equal to 1 month**
What disorder has 1 or more delusions for at least 1 month or greater, where the patient has normal functioning apart from direct impact of delusions?
Delusional disorder
What is brief psychotic disorder?
Greater than or equal to 1 day, but less than 1 month of sudden onset psychotic symptoms
What value is (1-specificity) and is independent of disease prevalence?
False positive rate
Value that is defined as the risk of developing a certain endpoint in patients with a specific exposure, divided by the risk in unexposed group
What is the enzyme that converts Porphobilinogen to Hydroxymethylbilane? What is the disorder when it is deficient?
PBG deaminase, Acute Intermittent Porphyria
What is an X-linked defect in the T-cell CD40 ligand (CD154)?
Hyper-IgM, defect prevents effective B cell isotype switching from IgM to other immunoglobulins. Absence of IgG production predisposes patients to development of recurrent infection w/ encapsulated bacteria (but not fungi)
Patients w/ DKA are going to have
- metabolic acidosis
- ketonemia
- ketonuria
- hyperglycermia
- glycosuria
- hyponatremia
- hypovolemia
- hyperkalemia
What is the hallmark of 5a-reductase deficiency?
Increased serum testosterone: DHT ratio, as testosterone can’t be converted to DHT
How do nitrates effect HR and EDLVV
Vasodilation (primarily venodilation) decreases LV volume and wall stress. Drop in systemic bp causes reflex tachycardia.
