Uworld8 Flashcards
Rhine test
tuning fork on mastoid
turning fork on outside of external ear
Conductive hearing loss: hear on mastoid but not air
Weber test
tuning fork in middle of head
conductive hearing loss: hear turning fork louder on one side
most common conductive hearing loss in adults
osteosclerosis
Begign, non inflammatory enlargement of the salivary glands? who gets it
Sialadenosis
liver dz, alcoholics, diabetics, bulima
What is the main clinical feature in Chikungunya fever
polyathralgias
name 2 causes of painful genital ulcers
HSV
Haemophlus ducreyi
name 2 causes of painless genital ulcers
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia trachomatis seovars
treatment for CMV
gancyclovir
how do you get bacteremia due to periodontal disease
need endocarditits for septic emboli for penumonia
sclerotic, cortical lesion on imaging with central nidus of lucency
osteoid osteoma
- pain worse at night and unrelated to activity, quickly relieved by NSAIDs
Pulsus parvus et tardus
arterial pulse with decreased amplitude and delayed peak
severe aortic stenosis
Treatment for urge incontinence
oxybutynin
difference in clinical embolic/thrombotic occlusion and hemorrohage
hemorrhage: more gradual
embolic: sudden
serotonin receptor antagonist
ondasteron
dopamine antagonist
metoclopramide
2 fastest ways to determine if someone has invasive diarrhea
- blood in stool
2. white cell in stool
when can you give loperamide and IV fluids for diarrhea
no fever, bloody diarrhea
no hypotension and abdominal pain (mild is okay)
pulseles and in v.fib?
- chest compression
- defib
- if 2 fails, epinephrine
Ristocetin testing
vonWillibrand disease
chemotherapy CHOP, most common side affect
infertility
for unstable angina and NSTEMI, what anticoag is good
low molecular weight heparin(enoxaparin) superior to unfractionated heparin
does factor 7 deficiency cause bleeding
no
no treatment necessary
most common complication after CABG when using cardiopulmonary pump
neurocognitive issue
cytogenetics (5q-)
myelodysplastic syndrome
in what environment is iron better absorbed
acidic environment
prenicious anemia is associated with basic envirment
what determines if Hep C responds to therapy
Genotype of Hep C virus
most specific test for multiple myeloma
bone marrow biopsy
how do you confirm diagnosis at initiatl time of presentation for G6PD deficiency
Cresyl Violet Stain
What is a contraindication for ondesteron
prolonged QT
use aprepitant for chemo induce vomiting
urine stuff for rhabdo
low calcium
positive hemoglobin
no rbc
ANCA responding to myeloperoxidase
p-Anca
microscopic polyangiti
Wegner is associated with what marker
C-Anca
Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans
Ivermectin
What causes cutaneous larva migrans? how do you get it
Hookworm larvae
barefoot contact with contaminated sand or soil
Clinical feature of Ehrlichiosis
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
elevated aminotransferases
rash is uncommon
treatment for Ehrlichiosis
doxycycline
Chloremphenical = 2nd
When do you give bacterial endocarditits prophylaxis
prosthetic heart valve
previous infective endocardittis
structural valve abnormality in translplant pt
unreparied congential heart disease
who does not get bacterial endocarditits prophylaxis
mitral valve prolapse
rheumatic fever
ASD, bicuspid aortic valve
splenic abscess is commonly associated with what other health issue
infective endocarditits
kidney issue for infective endocarditits
glomerulonephritis
cause of acute epidiymitis for age less than 35
sexually transmitted disease
cause of acute epididymitits for age greater 35
bladder outlet obstruction (coliform bacteria)
supraglottic edema and pooled oropharyngeal secretions
epiglottitis
what is the most likely cause of febrile neutropenia
psuedomonas
if someone has excess bands on lab work with fever of unknown origin, what do they most likely have? blood culture
candida
does not grow on blood cultures 40 of time
what bug causes blunting of microvili
Giardia
Centor criteria
fever
absence of cough
tonsillar exudate
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever, arthritis, and pustular rash can also be seen in infective endocarditis, and this patient’s history of IV heroin abuse warrants consideration of IE. however, what is the pt missing for diagnosis
murmur or positive blood cultures (gonorrhea will have negative blood cultures)
how do you test for Hep C
Positive serologic abs
confirmatory molecular test for presence of circulating hep C virus RNA
Patient with suspected sarcoidosis deteriorates after immunosuppresive therapy likely has?
histoplasmosis
When can you give Varicella vaccine to an HIV patient
live attenuated
CD count >200 and low titers
When do you give histoplasma capsulatum prophylaxis to HIV patietns
CD4 count less than 150
blood transfusions before when need to be screened for hep C
1992
Meningococcal vaccination, when is it give during Peds
adolescents age 11-12
booster at 16
Treatment for lyme disease for pregnant/lactating patients and children under age 8
amoxicillin
when is antimicrobial prophylaxis for Lyme disease required if tick is attached
if its been there for greater than 36 hours
difference between erysipelas and cellulitis
erysipelas: well demarcated borders, rapid
cellulitis: flat edges, over days
What is the skin involvement for vibrio vulnificus
wound infections may develop to necrotizing fasciitis with hemorrhagic bullous lesions and septic shock
difference in vibrio vulnificus and staph A./Strep Pyo. necrtotizing fasciitis?
Staph/Strep develop over a few days
vibrio: develop over hours
antibiotic that is potentially nephrotoxic?
Aminoglycosides,Amikacin
antibody-mediated platelet activation
HIT, type 1
5-10 days later
Nonimmune platelet aggregation
HIT, type 1
less thrombocytopenia
within 2 days
symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and erythematous rash over the dorm of the fingers
Dermatomyositits
2 main clinical feature of Lambert-Eaton
proximal muscle weakness
absent deep-tendon reflexes
Most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in relatively young adult
viral myocarditis
Characteristics of intracerebral hemmorhage
focal neurologic symptoms
increase intracranial pressure (vomiting, bradycardia, decreased alertness)
over court of minutes to hours
Treatment for acute gout
1st: NSAID
2nd: steroids
3rd: Colchicine
what is likely to stay intact for ALS
sexual function
pain can cause what health problem
SIADH
treatment for chancroid (heamophilis decry)
azithromycin
sickle cell crisis: plasmapharesis or plasma exchange
plasma exchnage
plasmapheresis is for HUS and TTP
SAAG great that 1.1
greater: cancer
less: CHF, cirrhosis
how is lymphoma best diagnosed
lymph node biopsy
for small cell lung carcinoma, what prophylaxis radiation therapy is usually done
brain radiation
what prevents non-hemorrhagic stroke in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nimodipine (not nifedipine)
which liver pathology is most likely to give you cancer
hemachromatosis
how do you detect Whipple disease
PCR
what is normal range for fetal heart beat in utero
110-160 beats per min.
non stress test, what is considered reactive
20 min
2 or more heart rate accelerations that peak 15/min above the baseline and lat 15 min sec.
What is normal value for FEV1 and FVC
80 percent
small cell lung cancer than cause?
SIADH and Cushing from increase ACTH
what is considered adequate uterine contraction
every 2-3 minutes
when do you go for C-section for arrest active phase of labor
adequate contractions 4 hours or more
inadequate contraction 6 hours or more
CHA2DS2 VASc score
CHF hypertension age >75 diabetes stroke vascular disease age 65 sex
CHA2DS2 VASc score of what means start anticoagulation
2 or more
Characterize tuberculous effusions
high protein levels
lymphocytic leukocytosis
low glucose levels
what is differential for headaches worse when leaning forward? association? treatment?
superior vena cava syndrome
associated with small cell lung cancer
radiation treatment
pemphigus vulgaris vs. bullous pemphigoud.
- oral cavity involvement
- intact blisters
- PV
2. BP
distal muscle symptoms
slowed relaxation phase of muscle contraction
familial inheritance pattern
myotonic dystrophy
upper or lower? muscle atrophy and fasciculations
lower motor lesion
how would you describe ALS muscle weakness
asymmetric distal (not proximal weakness)
thoracostomy
small needle in chest
patient’s atrophied hand musculature is a lower or upper motor sign?
lower motor sign
clinical feature of complex partial seizures? example of partial lobe epilepsy
stare blankly for several minutes
automatisms (lip smacking or chewing)
Todd’s paralysis (unique to this)
temporal lobe epilepsy
complications with 1 trimester diabetes
heart, limb and neural tube defects
Infants of diabetic mothers, regardless off pre-gestational or gestation, increased risk of
respiratory distress syndrome
preterm delivery
fetal macrosomia
common cause of acute pancreatitis
alcohol use
gallstone disease
common cause of chronic pancreatitis
just alcohol use
