Uworld 14 Flashcards
when is endotracheal intubation okay in croup
must fail steroids and nebulizer epinephrine OR
have signs of impending respiratory failure
The gene in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is responsible for what?
cytoskeleton regulation
difference between common variable immunodeficiency and agammaglobulinemia
CVID: less severe symptoms
after adolescence
Serum immunoglobulin concentration is decreased
B cell concentration is normal
Triad of DiGeroge
congenital heart disease
T cell deficiency
hypocalcemia
Most common renal manifestation in Henoch-Schonlein purpura
hematuria
what size umbilical hernias spontaneously resolve by the age of 5
less than 1.5 cm
type 1 collagen defect
osteongenesis imperfecta
Defect in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
achondroplasia
Prosthetic joint infection between 3-12 months
Coagulase negative staph
Enterococci
Diagnostic criteria for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
1 out of 3
- 10 days, no improvement
- severe onset greater than 3 days
- worsening symptoms following initial improvement
treatment for acute bacterial rhinosinusitits
amoxicillin +/- clavulanate
Renal vein thrombosis is most commonly associated with which nephrotic syndrome
membranous glomerulopathy
is left axis deviation in neonatal electrocardiogram normal
no, nunca, never
left axis deviation on electrocardiogram and decreased pulmonary markings on chest radiograph due to hypoplasia of the right ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract
tricuspid atresia
name an anterior mass that is related to AFP and B-hCG
teratoma
can you do a clean-catch urinalysis on a baby with a diaper
nope
instead: urethral cauterization, UA and urine culture
Dull tympanic membrane that is hypomobile on pneumatic otoscopy
Serous otitis media
- middle ear effusion without signs of an active infection
represents the excess risk in the exposed population that can be attributed to the risk factor?
“what percent of colorectal carcinoma in women with high fat consumption could be attributed to their diet”
attributable risk percent =
RR-1)/(RR
snowman sign on x-ray
total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction
x-ray: “egg-on-a string” heart sign
transposition of the great vessels
acronym for DiGeroge Syndrome
CATCH conotruncal cardiac defect abnormal facies thyme aplasia/hypoplasia cleft palate hypocalcemia
What heart defect is associated with Down Syndroe
Complete atrioventricular septal defects
what heart defect is associated with DiGeroge’s
transposition of great arteries
Valsalva
decrease preload
abrupt standing
decreases preload
hand grip
increases afterload
squatting
increases after load
passive leg rase
increases preload
what drugs should someone avoid with congenital QT prolongation
meds that block potassium channels
what other organ can be affected in myocarditis in Peds population
hepatomegaly: passive congestion from right heart failure
rheumatic fever’s most common heart valve defect
mitral stenosis
management of children with rheumatic fever
prophylaxis penicillin
how does knee-chest movement for tetralogy of fallout help
- increases systemic vascular resistance
- increases pulmonary blood flow
- improves hypoxemia
Trisomy 18
Edwards
Rocker-bottom feet
overlapping fingers
Biphasic stridor that improves with neck extension
Vascular ring
next step in management for VSD in peds
echo
what is an innocent “flow murmur” of childhood
grade I or II mid-systolic ejection murmur
Common variable immunodeficiency
Normal B cells
B cell differentiation is abnormal
Hyper-IgM-Syndrome
Normal B cells
Increase IgM
Decrease IgG and IgA
IgA deficiency
only IgA is down
Decrease IgG and IgA
Contraindication to Dtap
immediate anaphylaxis
instable neurologic disorders
encephalopathy
within a week of administration
next time, don’t give pertussis
Preterm infants should be given vaccines when
chronological age (not gestational age) exception: weight less than 4 pounds before first hep A vaccine
marked leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
contraindication for rotovirus
intussusception
sharply demarcated parianal rash
streptococcal perianal dermatitis
location of atopic dermatitis in peds
cheeks
trunk
knees
Management of pityriasis rosea
reassurance
antihistamine for the itching
Treatment for Scabies
Permethrin
what do you see nikosky sign in
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
treatment for tine capitis
oral griseofulvin or terbinafine
elevated levels of what are diagnostic of deficiency 21-hydroxylase
17-hydroxyprogesterone
What defines constitutional growth delay
delayed growth spurt
delayed puberty
delayed bone age
In precocious puberty, what must you do before starting GnRH therapy
MRI of brain
difference between central and peripheral precocious puberty
central: elevated LH
peripheral: low LH and FSH
what age is precocious puberty
girls before 8
guys before 9
first line agents for management for essential hypertension during pregnancy are
Labetalol and methyldopa
Hydralazine
calcium channel blockers
treatment for neonatal thyrotoxicosis
Can self resolve in 3 months
Methimazole plus a beta blocker
electrolyte finding with hypothyroidism
hyponatremia
frist line treatment for asymptomatic bacteria for pregnant lady
cephalexin
amoxicillin-clavulanate
Nitrofurantoin
Fosfomycin
What is the difference between Carcinoid syndrome and Pheochromocytoma
Carcinoid = hypotension Pheo = hypertension
Carcinoid tumor causes what vitamin deficiency
Niacin
electrolyte values for Chronic kidney disease
hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia
increased PTH levels
electrolyte values for vitamin D deficiency
low-normal phosphate
normal calcium
Early morning cortisol levels check for what disease
Addison
What tests can be used for Cushing?
late-night saliva cortisol assay
24-hour urine free cortisol measurement
low-dose dexamethasone test
if hypercortisolism = get ACTH levels
sodium level for primary polydipsia
low Na
sodium level for central DI
high Na
first line treatment for central DI
desmopressin
Postprandial hyperglycemia
elevated A1c despite good control of fasting glucose
Dawn phenomenon
hyperglycemic surge in the early morning hours
Sensorimotor polyneuropathy in diabetes is characterized by
length-dependent axonopathy
Euthyroid sick syndrome
fall in total and free T3
normal T4
normal TSH
subclinical hypothyroid
elevated TSH
normal T4
role of glucagon
prevents blood sugars from dropping too low
What should you suspect with someone with mild diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia with necrotic migratory erythema
Glucagonoma
Elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels means
androgen-producing adrenal tumor
Sensitive test for differentiating adrenal adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in patitents w/o discrete unilateral adrenal mass on imaiging
adrenal venous sampling
Treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism
unilateral: surgery
bilateral: medications
how does alkalosis impact calcium
hypocalcemia
