Uworld 5 Flashcards
infertility in men due to absent vas deferens - dx?
CF
Structures derived from neural crest cells
- Schwann cells
- odontoblasts
- melanocytes
- enterochromaffin cells
- spinal membranes
- adrenal medulla/ganglia
- laryngeal cartilage
- tracheal cartilage
What will you see in the lung shortly after an MI?
acute pulmonary edema - transudate from elevated hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary venous system leads to engorged alveolar capillaries with transudation of fluid into the alveoli
appearing as acellular pink material on histology
What is similar to G6PD deficiency and how do they fit together?
Glutathione reductase deficiency has a similar clinical consequence as its absence results in an inability to utilize NADPH to reduce glutathione
both result in bite cells
fever, delirium, mucosal and axillary dryness, cutaneous flushing, nonreactive mydriasis, and urinary retention, tachycardia and decreased bowel sounds
OD??
anticholinergic toxicity (TCAs like amyltriptyline)
Why would women present later than men with hemochromatosis?
physiologic iron loss through menstruation and pregnancy slows the progression of hemochromatosis in women
What is the major amino acid responsible for transferring nitrogen to the liver for disposal?
alanine
what kind of study begins with selecting individuals who have the outcome (‘cases’) and individuals who do not have the outcome (‘controls’) and then retrospectively comparing their history of exposure to risk factors
case-control study
heavy smoker, high fever, diarrhea, headache and confusion;
lab shows hyponatremia
productive cough
etiology?
legionella pneumophila
what produces beta-hCG? When is it detectable in serum and urine?
synctiotrophoblast after implantation
serum - 8 days s/p fertilization
urine -14 days
lipoprotein lipase deficiency causes what syndrome?
How do these patients present?
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome
presents in childhood with marked hypertriglyceridemia, recurrent acute pancreatitis, lipemia retinalis (milk-appearing retinal vasculature), and eruptive xanthomas (small yellowish papules surrounded by erythema found mainly on extensor surfaces
Most often, Down syndrome cases arises due to nondisjunction during…
How can I tell this on and RFLP?
maternal meiosis I
The child has 2 bands from mom and 1 band from dad (inheriting both homologous chromosomes)
if it was during meiosis 2, it would be one band from each parent, with one of the bands being thicker (inheriting sister chromatids)
What creates defense from Candida locally and systemically?
Local defense is performed by T cells while systemic infection defense is performed by neutrophils
Penicillins and cephalosporins function by…
irreversibly binding to penicillin-binding proteins such as transpeptidases
Where is elastase found?
neutral protease contained in macrophage lysosomes and in azurophilic (primary) granules of neutrophils
What are my proteases and anti-proteases that balance them?
- Proteases
- elastase
- Cathepsin G
- Matrix Metallo-proteinases
- Antiproteinases
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin
- alpha-2 macroglobulin
- TIMPs
impaired beta-oxidation is most often caused a deficiency in…
medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
On release from the SR, calcium binds to… on the thin filaments. This induces a conformation change in the … causing it to displace… and expose the myosin binding sites on the actin filaments
troponin C
troponin complex
tropomyosin
What does PAS stain end up highlighting?
polysaccharides of fungal cell wall, mucosubstances secreted by epithelia, and basement membrane
evaluating tissue for Whipple disease
Peroxidase staining can be used to differentiate subtypes of…
while horseradish peroxidase is useful in…
acute leukemia
immunoblotting (eg, Western blot)
calcium appears as a dark purple deposit on…
H&E stain
What stains can be used to identify neutral lipids?
Nile red or Sudan black (with the latter being useful for frozen sections)
Staining with alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme marker of osteoblasts and can be useful in identifying…
bone tumors
persistent pattern of social detachment, preference for solitary activities and limited emotional expressivity when interacting with others
schizoid personality disorder