Cardioooo Flashcards
truncus arteriosus gives rise to
ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
bulbus cordis gives rise to
smooth parts (outflow tracts) of right and left ventricles
endocardial cushion gives rise to
atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
primitive atrium gives rise to
trabeculated part of L and R atria
primitive ventricle gives rise to
trabeculated part of L and R ventricles
primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to
smooth part of left atrium
left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
coronary sinus
right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to
SVC
allantois -> urachus
becomes?
median umbilical ligament
urachus is part of an allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
ductus venosus becomes
ligamentum venosum
foramen ovale becomes
fossa ovalis
notochord becomes
nucleus pulposus
umbilical arteries become
medial umbilical ligaments
umbilical vein becomes
ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)
contained in falciform ligament
how does the umbilical vein bypass the liver?
ductus venosus into the IVC
most of the highly oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC in the fetus is directed through
foramen ovale and pumped into the aorta to supply the head and body
deoxygenated blood from the SVC in the fetus passes through the RA to RV to main pulmonary artery to…
ductus arteriosus to descending aorta
shunt is due to high fetal pulmonary artery resistance
What are phases of the left ventricle in pressure volume loop phrasing?
- isovolumetric contraction - between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening (period of highest O2 consumption)
- systolic ejection - between aortic opening and aortic closing
- isovolumetric relaxation - between aortic closing and mitral opening
- rapid filling - just after mitral opens
- reduced filling - just before mitral closes
mitral and tricuspid valve closing
heart sound?
where?
S1
loudest at mitral area
aortic and pulmonary valve closure
heart sound?
where?
S2
loudest at L upper sternal border
in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling phase
heart sound?
a/w?
S3
increased filling pressures (mitral regurg, HF) and more common in dilated ventricles (but can be normal in children and young adults)
in late diastole the ‘atrial kick’
heart sound?
best heard?
a/w?
S4
at apex with pt in L lateral decubitus position
high atrial pressure, a/w ventricular noncompliance (hypertrophy)
LA must push against stiff LV wall, considered abnormal no matter the age
