Cardioooo

Question 1

truncus arteriosus gives rise to

Answer 1

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 2

bulbus cordis gives rise to

Answer 2

smooth parts (outflow tracts) of right and left ventricles

Question 3

endocardial cushion gives rise to

Answer 3

atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves

Question 4

primitive atrium gives rise to

Answer 4

trabeculated part of L and R atria

Question 5

primitive ventricle gives rise to

Answer 5

trabeculated part of L and R ventricles

Question 6

primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to

Answer 6

smooth part of left atrium

Question 7

left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to

Answer 7

coronary sinus

Question 8

right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to

Answer 8

smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

Question 9

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to

Answer 9

SVC

Question 10

allantois -> urachus

becomes?

Answer 10

median umbilical ligament

urachus is part of an allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

Question 11

ductus arteriosus becomes

Answer 11

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 12

ductus venosus becomes

Answer 12

ligamentum venosum

Question 13

foramen ovale becomes

Answer 13

fossa ovalis

Question 14

notochord becomes

Answer 14

nucleus pulposus

Question 15

umbilical arteries become

Answer 15

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 16

umbilical vein becomes

Answer 16

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

contained in falciform ligament

Question 17

how does the umbilical vein bypass the liver?

Answer 17

ductus venosus into the IVC

Question 18

most of the highly oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC in the fetus is directed through

Answer 18

foramen ovale and pumped into the aorta to supply the head and body

Question 19

deoxygenated blood from the SVC in the fetus passes through the RA to RV to main pulmonary artery to…

Answer 19

ductus arteriosus to descending aorta

shunt is due to high fetal pulmonary artery resistance

Question 20

What are phases of the left ventricle in pressure volume loop phrasing?

Answer 20

1. isovolumetric contraction - between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening (period of highest O2 consumption)
2. systolic ejection - between aortic opening and aortic closing
3. isovolumetric relaxation - between aortic closing and mitral opening
4. rapid filling - just after mitral opens
5. reduced filling - just before mitral closes

Question 21

mitral and tricuspid valve closing

heart sound?

where?

Answer 21

S1

loudest at mitral area

Question 22

aortic and pulmonary valve closure

heart sound?

where?

Answer 22

S2

loudest at L upper sternal border

Question 23

in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling phase

heart sound?

a/w?

Answer 23

S3

increased filling pressures (mitral regurg, HF) and more common in dilated ventricles (but can be normal in children and young adults)

Question 24

in late diastole the ‘atrial kick’

heart sound?

best heard?

a/w?

Answer 24

S4

at apex with pt in L lateral decubitus position

high atrial pressure, a/w ventricular noncompliance (hypertrophy)

LA must push against stiff LV wall, considered abnormal no matter the age