Uworld 2 Flashcards
VHL
chromosome 3
tumor suppresor
RCC, pheos, hemangioblastomas in cerebellum
tumor suppressor: CDKN2A
melanoma, pancreatic cancer
p16, blocks G1–> s
9p21
conditions that predispose to aortic dissection
chronic HTN, marfans
cardio effects of normal excersice?
increase HR (decrease vagal tone in response to increase symp)
decrease end systolic LV volume
increase end diastolic LV volume
brain development
PMnR (pros, mes, rhomb)
P –> Telencephalon, diencephalon
M –> that’s all (Meeeesencephalon for just me)
R –> meta, meylo
brain development of the brain stem
**Mesen –> meta –> myelo (alphabetical order from the midbrain down)
Mesen= midbrain meta= pons, upper 4th vent myelo= medulla, lower 4th vent
alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
vermis, broad based gait
rhombencephelon
where does the cerebellum develop from?
rhombencephalon
leucine zipper
transcription factor
two alpha helix monomers with leucine every 7th residue
iliopsoas sign
appy
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
ABCCCD alcohol beriberi cocaine, coxsackie b, chagas doxorubicin toxicity
hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, peripartum
SYSTOLIC DYSFX
nephrotic syndromes (the rest are nephritics)
membranous neph --> GRANULAR deposits, #1 in adults MCD --> kids FSGS --> HIV Amyloidosis Diabetic nephropathy
what stain distinguishes between partail and complete mole?
p57 –> paternally imprinted, but MATERNALLY expressed.
complete moles are p57 NEGATIVE
retinoids
intranuclear Vit A receptor
increase normalization of keratin, cause cell turnover, prevents microcomedos
diaphragm apertures
1) vena caval opening
2) aortic hiatus: aortic, azygos vein, thoracic duct
3) esophageal hiatus: esophagus, post/ant trunks of VAGUS
CCBs (dihydros) are effective in angina because?
vasodilitory effect, decrease afterload
MODY
maturity onset diabetes
deficiency of GLUCOKINASE –> increased threshold for insulin release
HLA b27 associations
reactive arthritis
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondy
IBD
peutz jager
- AD (SKT11- serine/threonine mutation)
- hamartomas in GI
- hyperpigmented mouth/lips/hands/genitalia
Increaesd risk of breast GI cancer
lipomas vs liposarcoma
liposarcoma has scalloping, multiple mitosis
hemidesmosomes vs desmosomes
HEMIdesmosomes attach to BM
desmosomes attach adjacent keratinocytes
pemphus vulgaris
- antibodies against desmoglein –> attacks desmosome junctions
- skin, oral lesions
- absoe hensin sign –> extension of lesion with direct pressure
alcohol cerebellar degeneration causes…?
loss of purkinje cells in cerebellar vermis
alkoptonuria
- darkening of urine upon standing (homogenistic aciduria)
- osteoarthropathy (pigment depot in spine and joints)
- blue black discoloration of skin
AR defect in homogenistic acid metabolism
electrolytes in acute tissue ischemia
- XS K+ leak into extracellular space
- Ca++ in cytoplasm
- reduced Na, Ca, HCO3 in extracellular space
Without O2, ATPase pumps break down and ions leak
marfan vs homocystinuria
marfans has aortic root dilation, UPWARD lens dislocation
homo has MENTAL DELAY and DOWNWARD lens dislocation (down with the homies)
why is heparin safer than warfarin in pregnancy?
heparin is charged (water soluble) so it doesn’t cross the placenta
warf is lipopphilc so it gets from mom to baby
pathognemonic path finding in rabies?
eosinophilic negri bodies in hippocampal neurons
orlistat
intestinal lipase inhibitor that prevents absorption of fat
SD rule in stats?
68/95/99
