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UW15 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperextensible skin, easy brusing

A

Ehlers Danlos (Collagen)

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2
Q

Epidermolysis Bullosa simplex is a defect in what protein

A

Keratin

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3
Q

Conjugate vaccines

A

S.pnuemoniae, Neisseria, Hib

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4
Q

What does the tetanus toxin contain

A

inactivated tetanus TOXIN

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5
Q

What does the pertussis vaccine contain

A

purified components of Bordetella and detoxified toxin (toxoid)

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6
Q

What does the HepB vaccine contain

A

Purified inactivated HBsAg particles obtained through yeast

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7
Q

What does the varicella vaccine contain?

A

Live attenuated varicella virons

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8
Q

What does the BCG vaccine contain

A

live attenuated from M. bovis

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9
Q

What do the two polio vaccines contain

A

PO: live attenuated (Sabin). IM: inactivated virions (Salk)

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10
Q

what are the promoter regionsof eukarotic DNA

A

CAAT and TATA

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11
Q

what is associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung

A

Clubbing, Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

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12
Q

What is associated with squamous cell carcinoma

A

Hypercalcemia (PTHrP)

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13
Q

What conditions are associated with SCLC

A

Cushing Syndrome, SIADH, Lambert-Eaton

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14
Q

What conditions are associated with Large cell Carcinoma

A

Gynecomastia and Galactorrhea

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15
Q

decrease in Hypocretin is related to what disease

A

Narcolepsy

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16
Q

Increased 14-3-3 is found in what condition

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

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17
Q

what is cataplexy

A

loss of all muscle tone after emotional stimulus (laughter, crying)

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18
Q

how does hypercapnia affect cerebral vasculature

A

causes vasodilation and increases cerebral blood flow

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19
Q

Most important regulator of cerebral blood flow

A

PCO2

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20
Q

cyanotic toe discoloration, renal failure after vascular procedure

A

Atheroembolic disease of renal arteries ( cholesterol containing debris gets pushed from larger arteries and lodges in smaller vessels)

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21
Q

Cystic dilation of collecting ducts

A

ADPKD

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22
Q

why does cell swelling occur during ischemia

A

Decreased ATP leads to failure of Na/K and Ca ATPases. Leads to accumuation of Ca and Na in the cell which draws in water

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23
Q

Peptostreptococcus and fusobacterium

A

Anaerobic bacteria (normal mouth flora)

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24
Q

Risk factors for lung abscess

A

aspiration, alcoholism, drug abuse, seizure disorder, stroke, dementia

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25
Q

ammonia toxicity

A

depletes glutamte and alpha ketoglutarate in ammonia detoxification ( decreases NT and increased glutamine causes astrocyte swelling)

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26
Q

what cells cannot use ketones for energy?

A

cells that lack mitochondria (erythrocytes) and cells that lack succinyl CoA-acetoacetate Coa Reductase (thioreductase)= hepatocytes

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27
Q

CFTR channel functions in respiratory and sweat glands

A

Respiratory: decreases Cl- secretion. Sweat glands: decrease NaCl absorption

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28
Q

how does polymyxin work

A

interfers with cytoplasmic membrane

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29
Q

Normal pressure in R atrium

A

Min: 0 Max: 8

30
Q

Normal pressure in R ventricle

A

Min: 4 Max 25

31
Q

Normal pressure in Pulmonary artery

A

Min: 9 Max: 25

32
Q

Normal pressure in L. Atrium

A

Min: 2 Max 12

33
Q

Normal pressure in L ventricle

A

Min: 9 Max 130

34
Q

Normal pressure in aorta

A

Min 70 Max: 130

35
Q

what do calcium oxlate crystals look like on microscopy

A

Folded envelopes

36
Q

what can precipitate as calcium oxylate crystals in renal tubules

A

Ethylene glycol

37
Q

Patients starting methotrexate or leflunomide should get what baseline tests

A

Liver function

38
Q

Pts starting hydroxychloroquine should get what baseline tests

A

Opthalmologic ( retinal damage)

39
Q

Ticlodipine

A

ADP antagonist (anti-platelet) causes serious neutropenia (fever and mouth ulcers)

40
Q

Lung vasculitis, asthma, eosinophila. Necrotizing granulomas

A

Churg Strauss

41
Q

Isoniazid presenting with, fever, anorexia, nausea

A

INH is directly hepatotoxic can lead to increased liver enzymes, jaundice

42
Q

CEA is associated with what cancer

A

Colorectal cancer

43
Q

will the Lepromin skin test be positive in Lepromatous or Tuberculoid Leprosy?

A

Tuberculoid (Strong Th1 response)

44
Q

Leprosy: hairless skin plaques, decreased sensation

A

Tuberculoid (TH1)- limited d/t activation of macrophages

45
Q

Leprosy: Leonine facies with degeneration of nose and digits

A

lepromatous (TH2)

46
Q

why do you see increased urinary stones in Crohns?

A

Bile salts are loss due to decreased fat absorption. Bile acids binds Ca which usually binds to oxalate. Increased oxlate absorption leads to increased stones

47
Q

PTT that remains unchanged when protein C is added

A

Factor V Leiden

48
Q

Prolonged aPTT, venous thrombosis, fetal loss

A

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

49
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

increased thickness of stratum corneum (psoriasis, callus)

50
Q

Parakeratosis

A

Hyperkeratosis with retained nuclei (psorisis)

51
Q

Spongiosis

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces (eczema)

52
Q

Acantholysis

A

Separation of epidermal cells (pemphigus vulgaris)

53
Q

Acanthosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis nigricans)

54
Q

how does antiphospholipid antibodies alter coagulability

A

hypercoagulable due to activation of phospholipid dependent coagulation pathways. (can cause false positive results on RPR)

55
Q

what type of channel is the CFTR channel

A

ATP Binding cassette transmemebrane ion transporter

56
Q

What gene does the NF1 gene encode for and what is its function

A

Neurofibromin. Supresses Ras

57
Q

injury to Meyer’s loop results in

A

contralateral superior quadnrantanopia

58
Q

Palpable but non tender gallbladder, weightloss, obstructive jaundice

A

Adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas

59
Q

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

A

Smoking is most important risk factor. Age: 65-75, DM chronic pancreatitis

60
Q

what can increase lithium levels

A

volume depletion, decompensated CHF and cirrhosis can cause increase in proximal tubular resorption of sodium and lithium

61
Q

what drugs can increase lithium levels

A

ACE, NSAIDS, Thiazides

62
Q

failure to lactate, excessive fatigue, weight loss

A

Sheehan syndrome (ischemic necrosis of pituitary)

63
Q

angiokeratoma, burning neuropathic pain in extremities that can lead to renal failure

A

Fabry ( deficiency in a-galactosidase A) accumulates ceramide trihexoside

64
Q

which pneumoconioses produces noncaseating granulomas

A

Berylliosis

65
Q

which pneumoconioses has an increased risk for TB

66
Q

which drug is most commonly associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Haloperidol

67
Q

what drug is required to treat P. Vivax and P ovale liver schizonts

A

Primaquine

68
Q

Side effect of thiazolidinediones

A

weight gain, edema, hepatotoxic, heart failure

69
Q

How does renal failure affect ca levels

A

Decreases Ca (decreases 1hydroxylase) leading to an increase in PTH

70
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Decreased Ceruloplasmin, corneal deposits, copper accumulation, Hemolytic anemia, Basal ganglia degeneration, asterixis, Dementia, Dyskinesia, Dysarthria

71
Q

Li Fraumeni

A

predisposition to tumors of the breast, brain, adrenal cortex. Associated with p53

72
Q

Cold nodule on thyroid scan with elevated calcitonin levels

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

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