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Pharm Y2S2 > UTIs > Flashcards

UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial UTIs?

A

E. Coli

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2
Q

Name common bacterial causes of UTIs.

A

Staphylococci spp
Proteus spp
Klebsiella spp
Pseudomonas spp

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3
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Bladder inflammation

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A

Increased frequency/urgency in urination
Dysuria
Haematuria
Suprapubic pain

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5
Q

What is the common treatment for cystitis?

A

Potassium/sodium citrate can reduce acidity of urine making it easier to pass

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6
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Inflammation of the kidneys often due to an ascending infection from the bladder/ureter

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7
Q

What can be detected using a urine dipstick?

A

Nitrites released in bacteria breakdown
Leukocytes
Protein
Blood

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8
Q

Under what circumstances are samples sent for C+S?

A 
Pregnancy 
Children
Men
Genitourinary abnormalities
Renal impairment 
Failed treatment
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9
Q

What constitutes an uncomplicated UTI?

A

Women- including in pregnancy

Single episodes in children

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10
Q

Give examples of structural abnormalities that may cause complicated UTIs.

A

Indwelling catheters
Vesicouteric reflux
Prostatic hypertrophy
Tumours, cysts

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11
Q

What can be done to prevent/control UTIs?

A 
Fluids
Avoid caffeine
Empty bladder completely 
Empty bladder after sex
Wipe from front to back
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12
Q

What actions are taken by midwives in regards to UTIs?

A

Pregnant women screened for bacteruria
Treated if present, even if asymptomatic
Urine culture 7 days post treatment and monthly thereafter

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13
Q

What is the treatment time for UTIs in children?

A

3 days as standard

10 days if complicated

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14
Q

What is vesicouteric reflux?

A

Valves between bladder and ureters not working effectively thus allowing back flow of urine

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15
Q

What is the treatment length in adults for UTIs?

A

Standard 3-5 days

Complicated 7-10 days

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16
Q

What is the standard prophylaxis for UTIs?

A

Trimethoprim for 3-6 months in recurrent UTI

17
Q

Give examples of drugs used in treatment for UTIs.

A

Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav

18
Q

What drug is given in pregnancy with bacteruria without symptoms?

A

Amoxicillin

19
Q

What drugs may be indicated in pyelonephritis?

A

Cephalosporins
Quinolones
Gentamicin

20
Q

What is the long term risk of trimethoprim?

A

Blood disorders

21
Q

When are quinolones cautioned?

A

Epilepsy

22
Q

What must be above a certain value for use of nitrofurantoin?

A

eGFR must be over 60

23
Q

What are the dangers of gentamicin?

A

Nephrotoxic

Ototoxic

Pharm Y2S2 (26 decks)

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