Packaging Flashcards

1
Q

Define packaging.

A

Collection of components that surround product from manufacture until use.

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2
Q

What is packaging necessary for?

A

Guaranteeing stability
Delivering varied dosage forms
Protection against adverse external influences
Presentation of information/identification
Convenience

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3
Q

What specific formulations require packaging enabling easy administration?

A

Nasal sprays
Eye drops
Transdermal patches
Inhalers

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4
Q

What is the role of primary packaging?

A

Contains and protects the product

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5
Q

What is the role of secondary packaging?

A

Gives added physical protection, facilitates transport and contains clear/concise information

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6
Q

What is the role of tertiary packaging?

A

Used for bulk handling/shipping

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7
Q

What potential climatic hazards are there?

A

Temperature
Humidity
Pollutants
Gases

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8
Q

What potential mechanical hazards are there?

A

Impact
Shock
Compression
Vibration

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9
Q

What potential radiation hazards are there?

A

Light
Solar
Ionisation

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10
Q

What potential spoilage hazards are there?

A

Biological

Microbiological

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11
Q

What should closures do?

A

Provide totally hermetic and effective microbiological seal

May also be tamper resistant/evident

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12
Q

What constitutes as counterfeit packaging?

A

Duplication
Substitution
Tampering

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13
Q

What is the requirement of silica in glass?

A

66%

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14
Q

How is glass made?

A

Producing by heating silica, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate

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15
Q

What is type I glass?

A

Borosilicate

Neutral and most inert type of glass, best pharmaceutical grade

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16
Q

What is type II glass?

A

Soda lime glass

Has sulphur dioxide treated surfaces to reduce leaching

17
Q

What is type III glass?

A

Soda lime glass produced to contain large volumes

18
Q

What is type IV glass?

A

NP, general purpose glass

19
Q

What colours can iron oxide glass be?

A

Amber

Green

20
Q

What colour is cobalt oxide glass?

A

Blue

21
Q

What additional compounds can be added to glass? What features do they have?

A

Aluminium for hardness
Selenium oxide for clarity
Boron gives high heat shock resistance

22
Q

Give examples of thermoplastics.

A

Polyvinyl chloride

Polyethylene

23
Q

What is the GMP approved method of plastic packaging filling?

A

Blow-fill-seal

24
Q

Give examples of polymers that can be used in plastic.

A

Nylon
Acrylonitrile
Polycarbon

25
Q

Which metals are highly resistant to corrosion?

A

Aluminium
Tin
Tin-coated lead

26
Q

What are laminates?

A

Formed by bonding together layers of different materials

27
Q

What is paper used for in packaging?

A

Mainly secondary packaging due to low cost, availability and ease of printing