Packaging Flashcards
Define packaging.
Collection of components that surround product from manufacture until use.
What is packaging necessary for?
Guaranteeing stability
Delivering varied dosage forms
Protection against adverse external influences
Presentation of information/identification
Convenience
What specific formulations require packaging enabling easy administration?
Nasal sprays
Eye drops
Transdermal patches
Inhalers
What is the role of primary packaging?
Contains and protects the product
What is the role of secondary packaging?
Gives added physical protection, facilitates transport and contains clear/concise information
What is the role of tertiary packaging?
Used for bulk handling/shipping
What potential climatic hazards are there?
Temperature
Humidity
Pollutants
Gases
What potential mechanical hazards are there?
Impact
Shock
Compression
Vibration
What potential radiation hazards are there?
Light
Solar
Ionisation
What potential spoilage hazards are there?
Biological
Microbiological
What should closures do?
Provide totally hermetic and effective microbiological seal
May also be tamper resistant/evident
What constitutes as counterfeit packaging?
Duplication
Substitution
Tampering
What is the requirement of silica in glass?
66%
How is glass made?
Producing by heating silica, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate
What is type I glass?
Borosilicate
Neutral and most inert type of glass, best pharmaceutical grade
What is type II glass?
Soda lime glass
Has sulphur dioxide treated surfaces to reduce leaching
What is type III glass?
Soda lime glass produced to contain large volumes
What is type IV glass?
NP, general purpose glass
What colours can iron oxide glass be?
Amber
Green
What colour is cobalt oxide glass?
Blue
What additional compounds can be added to glass? What features do they have?
Aluminium for hardness
Selenium oxide for clarity
Boron gives high heat shock resistance
Give examples of thermoplastics.
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyethylene
What is the GMP approved method of plastic packaging filling?
Blow-fill-seal
Give examples of polymers that can be used in plastic.
Nylon
Acrylonitrile
Polycarbon
