UTIs Flashcards
1
Q
What flora is contained in each part of the urinary tract?
A
- Kidneys/ureters/bladder=sterile
- Urethra=skin/lower GI & perineal flora
2
Q
What does perineal flora consist of?
A
- Mainly coagulase -ve staph
- Gram +ve staph
- Aerobic bacteria
3
Q
What is cystitis and how does it present?
A
- Lower UTI
- Dysuria
- Urgency & urinary frequency
- Poly/haem/nocturia
- Supra-pubic pain/tenderness
- Treated with antibiotics
4
Q
What is pyelonephritis and how does it present?
A
- Upper UTI (kidney/renal pelvis)
- Symptoms of lower UTI
- Abdo/loin pain/tenderness
- Fever
- Systemic infection (rigors, nausea, vomiting)
- Treated with ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, tazobactam
5
Q
What is urethral syndrome?
A
- Also abacteria cystitis/frequent dysuria syndrome
- lower UTI symptoms without any infection
6
Q
What criteria is used for significant bacteriuria? Does it have any limitations?
A
- Kass criteria
- L=many symptomatic females have low bacterial counts, lower bacterial counts than cut off point in males, not relevant to catheter urine or sterile aspirated urine
7
Q
What is sterile pyuria?
A
- Pus cells in urine
- No organism growth
8
Q
What are predisposing factors for a UTI?
A
- Female
- Urinary stasis (pregnancy, stones, strictures, tumours)
- Instrumentation
- Sexual intercourse
- Fistulae
- Congenital
9
Q
What are the main sources of UTIs?
A
- Perineum=movement of bacteria along lumen
- Fistulae= movement of bacteria from genital/GI to urinary tract
- Haematogenous=seeding of infection from blood
10
Q
What are the main organisms responsible for UTIs?
A
- E.Coli
- Staph Saprophyticus
- Proteus mirabilis
- Enterococcus spp
- Klebsiella
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11
Q
What are the causes of sterile pyuria?
A
- Inhibition of bacterial growth (antibiotics)
- Fastidious organisms (anaerobes, gonorrhoea)
- UT inflammation (stones, renal disease)
12
Q
what are catheter UTIs
A
- Long-term indwelling catheterization leads to bacteriuria
- Manipulation/removal of catheter may lead to bacteraemia
13
Q
What antibiotics can be given for a UTI?
A
- Nitrofurantoin
- Trimethoprim
