Breast Pathology Flashcards
What is the presentation of breast disease?
- lumps
- pain
- inflammation/infection
- nipple discharge
- Puckered skin/indrawn nipple
- Abnormal/ sore nipple
What are the components of a triple assessment?
- Clinical= examination, palpation
- Radiological
- Pathological= cytology or histopathology
Describe fibroadenomas
- Mobile lumps/radiological masses
- AKA fibroepithelial neoplasms with co-ordinated growth of glandular & connective tissue(stromal)
Describe phyllodes tumours
- rare fibroepithelial neoplasm forming spectrum of lesions
- Aggressive show overgrowth of stromal element
Describe lumps felt in breasts and what they can mean
-benign= lipoma, fibroadenoma, fibrocystic change
-depends= phyllodes tumour
-malignant= invasive
Can co-exist
What is fibrocystic change?
- includes usual type ductal hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, cysts
- lump
- associated with microcalcification
- Oestrogenic environment
What can fibroblasts cause pathologically?
Inverted nipple
Skin puckering
What causes P’eau d’orange?
Inflammatory breast cancer multiple tumours blocking lymphatic ducts
What can cause inflammation/infection in the breast?
- Mastitis during breastfeeding
- TB
- Carcinoma/sarcoma
- Breast abscesses & fistulae
Describe Paget’s disease of the nipple
- consequence of cancer cells growing in skin of nipple
- over expression of her2 gene
What factors can decrease the risk of breast cancer?
- breastfeeding
- body fat
- physical activity
What is the grading scale for a core biopsy?
- B1=unsatisfactory/normal
- B2= benign lesion
- B3= atypical probably benign
- B4= atypical probably malignant
- B5= malignant (5a-in situ 5b-invasive)
What can cause puckered skin or an indrawn nipple?
- Fat necrosis
- Carcinoma
- Peau d’orange
How does breast disease present?
- Nipple discharge
- Abnormal/sore nipple
What can nipple duct discharge be a sign of?
- Duct ectasia
- Intraductal papilloma
- In situ papillary carcinoma
- Intracystic papillary carcinoma
