Investigations of the endocrine diseases Flashcards
What abnormality is seen with decreased thyroxine and TSH?
Pituitary failure
What abnormality is seen with increase TSH & decreased thyroxine?
Unresponsive thyroid
What abnormality is seen with increased thyroxine and decreased TSH?
Thyroid gland overproduction
What abnormality is seen with increased TSH & increased thyroxine?
- feedback fails
- Pituitary gland overproduction
What are the features of Cushing’s disease?
- Obesity
- Skin: bruising, thin, purple striae
- Hypertension
- Glucose intolerance
- Depression/psychosis
- Thin limbs & muscle weakness
- Menstrual disturbances
- ACTH secreting tumours
What are the clinical features of adrenal failure?
- Tiredness
- Weight loss
- Pigmentation
- Abdo pain
- Hypovolaemic collapse
- Hypoglycaemia
- Adrenal atrophy/destruction
What is the physiology of secretory systems?
- Annual cycles= hair growth
- Monthly cycles=menses
- Diurnal=cortisol
- Rapid amplitude= insulin
- Stress related= anterior pituitary hormones
- Stimulus related=insulin
Name the free & binding proteins
- Free= thyroxine, T4 & T3
- Binding= TBG, TBPA, albumin, SHBG, forms of IGFbp
What is sick euthyroid syndrome?
- Low serum levels of thyroid hormones
- Nonthyroidal systemic illness
- No clinical hypothyroidism
How do Phaeochromocytomas present and how are they investigated?
- Elevated catecholamines or catecholamines metabolites in the blood and urine
- episodic, sudden onset of severe headaches
- sweating
- abdominal pain
- high blood pressure
- rapid heart rate
- irritability and anxiety
How is hypoglycaemia investigated?
-Plasma glucose levels
How is an insulinoma confirmed?
- Failure of endogenous insulin secretion to be suppressed by hypoglycaemia
- Inappropriately elevated levels of insulin with hypoglycaemia
