Utiltarianism

Question 1

act utilltarianism

Answer 1

-bentham
-wanted to devise morality that would reflect atheisitc view of whats its like to be human

Question 2

sovereign masters

Answer 2

-bentham
-nature has placed mankind under governance of two soverign masters- pain and pleasure

Question 3

pain and pleasure as our masters

Answer 3

-it is pleasure and pain which determine what we ought to do as well as what we will do
-we can claim something else has value but we would be pretending
-nature of human animal to seek pleasure and avoid pain

Question 4

how is action good

Answer 4

-if greatest amount of happiness for greatest number of people
-principle of utility

Question 5

consequentialist

Answer 5

-consequence theory - action leads to determines if its good or not

Question 6

benthams hedonic calculus

Answer 6

-method for measuring pleasure required
-seven criteria which each measure different aspect of pleasurable consequences of action
-to know you need to know in advance which action will result in greater amount of pleasure

Question 7

7 criteria of calculus

Answer 7

1.strong pleasure is
2.how long pleasure lasts
3.hiw likely pleasure is to occur
4.how far away in time pleasure will occur
5.likelihood pleasure to further pleasure
6.likelihood pleasure will be followed by pain
7.how many people affected

Question 8

mills higher and lower pleasure

Answer 8

-lower pleasures- food sex drugs
-higher- poetry- music- reading
-swine not capable of experiencing higher pleasures
-higher superior to lower