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religion and ethics > Euthanasia > Flashcards

Euthanasia Flashcards

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1
Q

sanctity of life

A

god created human life in his image
-suggest value and only he has right to end it
-adopted strongly by conservatives and protestants
-catholics would also argue natural law provides evidence for SOL

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2
Q

quotes for sanctity of life

A

thou shalt not murder- exodus
-your body temple of holy spirit- 1 corinthinans
-whoever sheds human blood- by humans shall their blood be shed for in the image of god has god made mankind - genesis 9

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3
Q

weak sanctity of life view

A

criticise strong view
-only one of many biblical themes
-jesus emphasis on compassion
-strong view allows suffering and not empathetic
-in some cases compassion for quality of life might outweigh SOL

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4
Q

argument against weak view of SOL

A

-bible has other themes but dont overrule SOL
-bible against killing

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5
Q

quality of life

A

-refers to how happy or unhappy life is
-valid consideration to euthanasia because life has to be of certain quality in order to be worth living

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6
Q

peter singer on quality of life

A

-believes quality of life important factor for euthanasia
-recommends non voluntary euthanasia for babies whose potential QOL is low

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7
Q

peter singers criteria for personhood

A

rationality and self consciousness
-separates humans and persons
-persons = rational beings
-not all humans are persons
-argues SOL of our species based on christian domination of european thought
-since christian theological tenants no longer accepted- we should re think christian ethical precepts

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8
Q

singer on why its not morally wrong to euthanise

A

-we thing of what we are depriving someone of when we think killing is wrong
-doesnt deprive then of anything that they are able to have a preference to not be deprived of

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9
Q

Archbishop anthony fisher and slipper slope argument

A

wherever euthanasia is legalised- its extended to more people
-in holland euthanasia was legalised for terminally ill but 10 years later legalised for babies with severe illness

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10
Q

fisher on euthanasia and QOL

A

-elderly and vulnerable people might be tempted to die because they feel like a burden
-western culture values beauty, success, productivity
-we might encourage people to feel like failures

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11
Q

alternative to euthanasia

A

-valid ethical approach would be changing society, not allowing euthanasia
-those who advocate for euthanasia think their compassionate

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12
Q

singer response to fisher

A

-people who receive euthanasia in oregon and white, educated and not elderly- doesnt target vulnerable people
-genetic screening and stats- euthanasia not more widespread
-fisher criticises allowing euthanasia in society which lacks proper support for vulnerable

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13
Q

autonomy

A

freedom of people to make their own choices
-view that decision about whether life is valuable morally up to whose life it is

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14
Q

deontological approach of autonomy

A

nozick libertarian- thinks people have absolute right to do whatever they want as long as they dont harm other
-of person wants to die and receive help from others then its their right

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15
Q

criticism of nozicks deontological autonomy

A

people will choose euthanasia for short sighted reasons
-we can safely predict they will view life worth living and value overrides temporary violation of their autonomy

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16
Q

singer on autonomy

A

-takes consequentalist view
-says he doesnt want to make it easy for people to end their lives
-example of young person wanting euthanasia due to depression over relationship issues

17
Q

consequentialist view of autonomy

A

-singers view influenced by mills
-mill developed political liberalism
-before enlightenment , religion told people what to do
-individual people in best position to judge what to do
-shows euthanasia should be left to autonomy of competent adult

18
Q

slipper slope vs consequentialist autonomy

A

-fisher argues allowing euthanasia for reason of autonomy vulnerable to slippery slope
-if we grant people have autonomous freedom to die, how can we avoid extending it to all cases where someone wishes to die, no matter how short sited reasons

19
Q

fisher on autonomy 2

A

argues absolute autonomy right ethical approach

20
Q

pairing consequentialist view of autonomy with rationality

A

add condition of rationality
-young love sick person not making a rational calculation
-logically coherent way of avoiding extending autonomy absolutely

21
Q

fletchers rejection of legalism in the bible including the SOL

A

-fletchers liberal view of bible
-argues bible not legalistic rules but editorial collection of scattered sayings
-cant take bible literally
-best theme in bible to follow is agape love
-fletcher rejects sanctity of life principle

22
Q

application of situation ethics to euthanasia

A

-if someone has very low quality of life and autonomous wish to die fletcher would accept euthanasia
-if someone pressured into it by family or greed or society
- then wrong to allow it

23
Q

love is subjective applied to euthanasia

A

-loving is subjective
-nazis forces euthanasia program against terminally ill patients with babies they deemed disabled
-love to subjective to provide basis for ethics

24
Q

defence of fletcher

A

-agape love not subjective
-person would not be pressured into euthanasia themselves
-cannot be agape to pressure your neighbour into it

25
Q

further evaluation situation ethics

A

what if someone thought they would actually want to be euthanised if they were in the circumstance their neighbour was in
-problem with loving your neighbour as yourself is it depends on whether you love yourself ethically

26
Q

people are not perfectly loving

A

people loving nature can be corrupted by power
-someone might find it loving to pressure someone in or out of E

27
Q

fletcher and robinson defence of situation ethics

A

-humanity has come of age
-not uneducated like medieval people
-more civilised, granting them more autonomy wouldnt risk stability of society

28
Q

barclay criticism of robinson and fletcher

A

-if people are granted freedom they will choose bad thing to do
-power corrupts
-stanford prison experiment and lord of the flies
-freedom to decide good and bad without laws grants more power and corrupts

29
Q

natural law application to euthanasia

A

-euthanasia violated PP and SOL
-failure to follow natural law causes disharmony
-dangerous to give humans right to kill themselves
-corruption of power

30
Q

catholic church on euthanasia and SOL

A

-CC uses double effect for passive euthanasia
-administer drug to which could speed up death
-as long as intention not to kill actions morally acceptable

31
Q

catechism on euthanasia

A

-active euthanasia never justified
-allows giving high doses of pain killers even if it risks killing them as long as death foreseen but besides intention

32
Q

singer criticises catholic church on euthanasia

A

church allow passive euthanasia from patients in coma state
-because they have no obligation to provide burdensome treatment
-for patients in coma its impossible to see how keeping them alive on life support could have imposed burden
-logical way to remove treatment

33
Q

natural law is outdated

A

-ethical principles made useful in socio-economic conditions of their time
-ancient and medieval society was more chaotic
-strict primary precepts absolutist ethical theories to prevent society falling apart

34
Q

criticism of outdated natural law applied to euthanasia

A

-people were less educated so needed simple legalistic rules
-issue is socio-economic conditions have changed

35
Q

evaluation of natural law is outdated

A

-this doesnt make his theory wrong
-doesnt make it right that society has moved on from natural law ethics
-if hitler won the war and enslaved humanity, democracy would be outdated

36
Q

counter evaluation to aquinas

A

-aquinas theory was reaction to his socio-economic context and since that has changed natural law is not relevant
-aquinas was giving what would be good for his people
-ethical precepts from god gives more moral motivation
-however when they come from eternal being they become inflexible and outdated

37
Q

non voluntary euthanasia

A

-when someone doesnt have mental capacity to choose euthanasia

religion and ethics (6 decks)

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