UTI III Flashcards
Haemophilus ducreyi is (G+ve/G-ve?), pleomorphic and has a ____ arrangement
Haemophilus ducreyi is G-ve, pleomorphic and has a railroad tracks arrangement
H. ducreyi causes a ragged, soft, (painless or painful?) ___ caused by ____ toxin
H. ducreyi causes a ragged, soft, painful ulcer caused by cytolethal distending toxin
H. ducreyi is different from other Haemophilus species in that it only requires ___ for growth
H. ducreyi is different from other Haemophilus species in that it only requires factor X for growth
the painful ulcer seen in H. ducreyi is accompanied by ____
the painful ulcer seen in H. ducreyi is accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy
H. ducreyi causes ____ which is different from syphilis, which causes ____
H. ducreyi causes chancroid (painful) which is different from syphilis, which causes chancre (painless)
describe the lifecycle of the Chlamydiaceae family
in Chlamydia infections, EB binds to receptors limited to specific epithelial cells of ____
in Chlamydia infections, EB binds to receptors limited to specific epithelial cells of mucous membranes
damage due to Chlamydia is primarily associated with which 2 processes?
- destruction of cells during replication
- proinflammatory cytokine response
the preferred test for C. trachomatis is ____
the preferred test for C. trachomatis is NAAT
describe the discharge seen in men for:
Chlamydia: ____
Gonorrhea: ____
describe the discharge seen in men for:
Chlamydia: clear, watery
Gonorrhea: pus, with pain on urination
since T. pallidum is a ____, it can only be seen with ____ microscopy
since T. pallidum is a spirochete, it can only be seen with Darkfield microscopy
part of the pathogenesis of T. pallidum is that it attaches to ____ and changes ____ daily and therefore leads to immune evasion
part of the pathogenesis of T. pallidum is that it attaches to fibronectin and changes lipid membrane antigens daily and therefore leads to immune evasion
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with which 4 mechanisms?
- antigenic variation of outer membrane
- disruption of neutrophil function and oxidative burst
- minimal numbers of species-specific antigens on cell surface reduces exposure to immune system
- outer membrane highly lipophilic: hides antigenic membrane proteins
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with ____ variation of ____
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with antigenic variation of outer membrane
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with disruption of ___
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with disruption of neutrophil function and oxidative burst
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with the outer membrane being highly ___ allowing it to ____
long-term persistence and immune evasion of T. pallidum is linked with the outer membrane being highly lipophilic allowing it to hide antigenic membrane proteins
in primary syphilis, there is a ____ that is (painful or painless?) with associated _____
in primary syphilis, there is a chancre that is painless with associated inguinal lymphadenopathy
secondary syphilis is associated with ____, ___ on mucous membranes and ____ loss
secondary syphilis is associated with rashes, sores on mucous membranes and hair loss
describe what is seen in tertiary syphilis
____ are the screening tests for T. pallidum
non-Treponemal screening tests (NTST) are the screening tests for T. pallidum
___ and ___ tests measure antibody levels against cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen
VDRL and RPR tests measure antibody levels against cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen
VDRL and RPR measure antibody levels against ____
VDRL and RPR measure antibody levels against cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen
____ are confirmatory tests for T. pallidum that measure ____
Treponemal tests (specific) are confirmatory tests for T. pallidum that measure antibodies against T. pallidum
___ is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US
a quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardisil) protects against infection by which 4 HPV types?
6, 11, 16, 18
if urethritis in a male patient fails to respond to therapy that covers Chlamydia and N. gonorrhea, ____ should be considered
if urethritis in a male patient fails to respond to therapy that covers Chlamydia and N. gonorrhea, Mycoplasma genitalium should be considered
___ or ___ must be added to growth media of Mycoplasma genitalium
serum or cholesterol must be added to growth media of Mycoplasma genitalium
M. genitalium is able to adhere to cells via ____ adhesins, and then produces ___ and ____ to damage surrounding cells
M. genitalium is able to adhere to cells via MgPa tip adhesins, and then produces H2O2 and superoxides to damage surrounding cells
M. genitalium is able to evade host defenses via ____
M. genitalium is able to evade host defenses via variable surface lipoproteins
K. granulomatis is a (G+ve or G-ve?) organism that has a ___ appearance
K. granulomatis is a G-ve organism that has a safety-pin appearance
Klebsiella granulomatis is characterized by intracellular inclusions in ___ also called ____
Klebsiella granulomatis is characterized by intracellular inclusions in macrophages also called Donovan bodies
“multiple ulcerating granulomatous lesions in inguinal region and genitalia”
which organism?
Klebsiella granulomatis
describe the ulcer seen in Klebisella granulomatis
“beefy red ulcer that bleeds easily”
