UTI I Flashcards
describe uncomplicated vs. complicated UTIs
list the 3 risk factors for uncomplicated UTIs
female gender
older age
younger age
list the 4 risk factors for complicated UTIs
indwelling catheters
immunosuppression
urinary tract abnormalities
antibiotic exposure
80% of complicated UTIs are associated with ___
80% of complicated UTIs are associated with urinary catheters
list the top 3 organisms that cause uncomplicated UTIs
- UPEC (uropathogenic E. coli)
- Klebsiella
- Staph saprophyticus
list the top 3 organisms that cause complicated UTIs
- UPEC
- Enterococcus
- Klebsiella
- Candida spp.
UPEC is (non-encapsulated or encapsulated?) and ferments ___ and ____
UPEC is encapsulated and ferments glucose and lactose
contrast lower (cystitis) vs. upper UTI infections
type I = cystitis
type P = upper UTI infxn
in E. coli, the type I (type one) fimbriae are associated with ____
while the type P fimbriae are associated with ____
in E. coli, the type I fimbriae are associated with cystIt_I_s
while the type P fimbriae are associated with uPPer UTI
in E. coli:
type I fimbriae vs. P fimbriae; which one is weakened by exposure to mannose?
type I is weakened and can detach by exposure to mannose
type P fimbriae is not weakened by mannose exposure
____ are the metabolically active group of UPEC seen in infections
intracellular bacterial community are the metabolically active group of UPEC seen in infections
metabolically active = active replication
UPEC that remains bound within late-endosome-like compartments in the urothelium can establish ____ that are metabolically ____
UPEC that remains bound within late-endosome-like compartments in the urothelium can establish long-lived intracellular quiescent reservoirs that are metabolically inactive
metabolically inactive = not replicating
Proteus mirabilis produce ___ which contributes to the formation of ___
Proteus mirabilis produce phenylalanine deaminase which contributes to the formation of struvite
Proteus produces ____ which produces black agar on TSI
Proteus produces H2S which produces black agar on TSI
P. mirabilis produce ___ which contributes to an (acidic or alkaline?) urine that promotes ____ formation
P. mirabilis produce urease which contributes to an alkaline urine that promotes struvite kidney stone formation
P. mirabilis has a characteristic ___ growth on agar due to its ____
P. mirabilis has a characteristic swarming growth on agar due to its flagellum-mediated migration
describe the steps involved in stone formation with P. mirabilis
Staph. saprophyticus causes UTIs in ____
Staph. saprophyticus causes UTIs in young, sexually active women (honeymoon cystitis)
how to differentiate between S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis?
mnemonic for differentiating S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis?
NO STRESS
NOvobiocin SaprophyTicus Resistant
EpidermidiS Sensitive
describe the Enterobacteriaceae family
list the 5 members of the Enterobacteriaceae family
E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterobacteriaceae ferment ____, are ____ positive and ____ negative
Enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose, are catalase positive and oxidase negative
a combination of which 3 findings is strongly suggestive of UTI?
- bacteria in urine
- pyuria (positive leukocyte esterase)
- nitrites (positive nitrite test)
bacteriuria is usually defined as _____
bacteriuria is usually defined as 5+/HPF
nitrites are formed by ____
nitrites are formed by bacterial conversion of urinary nitrates
summarize interpretation of urinalysis data
describe bacterial prostatitis
