UTI I Flashcards
describe uncomplicated vs. complicated UTIs
list the 3 risk factors for uncomplicated UTIs
female gender
older age
younger age
list the 4 risk factors for complicated UTIs
indwelling catheters
immunosuppression
urinary tract abnormalities
antibiotic exposure
80% of complicated UTIs are associated with ___
80% of complicated UTIs are associated with urinary catheters
list the top 3 organisms that cause uncomplicated UTIs
- UPEC (uropathogenic E. coli)
- Klebsiella
- Staph saprophyticus
list the top 3 organisms that cause complicated UTIs
- UPEC
- Enterococcus
- Klebsiella
- Candida spp.
UPEC is (non-encapsulated or encapsulated?) and ferments ___ and ____
UPEC is encapsulated and ferments glucose and lactose
contrast lower (cystitis) vs. upper UTI infections
type I = cystitis
type P = upper UTI infxn
in E. coli, the type I (type one) fimbriae are associated with ____
while the type P fimbriae are associated with ____
in E. coli, the type I fimbriae are associated with cystIt_I_s
while the type P fimbriae are associated with uPPer UTI
in E. coli:
type I fimbriae vs. P fimbriae; which one is weakened by exposure to mannose?
type I is weakened and can detach by exposure to mannose
type P fimbriae is not weakened by mannose exposure
____ are the metabolically active group of UPEC seen in infections
intracellular bacterial community are the metabolically active group of UPEC seen in infections
metabolically active = active replication
UPEC that remains bound within late-endosome-like compartments in the urothelium can establish ____ that are metabolically ____
UPEC that remains bound within late-endosome-like compartments in the urothelium can establish long-lived intracellular quiescent reservoirs that are metabolically inactive
metabolically inactive = not replicating
Proteus mirabilis produce ___ which contributes to the formation of ___
Proteus mirabilis produce phenylalanine deaminase which contributes to the formation of struvite
Proteus produces ____ which produces black agar on TSI
Proteus produces H2S which produces black agar on TSI
P. mirabilis produce ___ which contributes to an (acidic or alkaline?) urine that promotes ____ formation
P. mirabilis produce urease which contributes to an alkaline urine that promotes struvite kidney stone formation
P. mirabilis has a characteristic ___ growth on agar due to its ____
P. mirabilis has a characteristic swarming growth on agar due to its flagellum-mediated migration
describe the steps involved in stone formation with P. mirabilis
Staph. saprophyticus causes UTIs in ____
Staph. saprophyticus causes UTIs in young, sexually active women (honeymoon cystitis)
how to differentiate between S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis?
describe the Enterobacteriaceae family
list the 5 members of the Enterobacteriaceae family
E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterobacteriaceae ferment ____, are ____ positive and ____ negative
Enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose, are catalase positive and oxidase negative
a combination of which 3 findings is strongly suggestive of UTI?
- bacteria in urine
- pyuria (positive leukocyte esterase)
- nitrites (positive nitrite test)
bacteriuria is usually defined as _____
bacteriuria is usually defined as 5+/HPF
nitrites are formed by ____
nitrites are formed by bacterial conversion of urinary nitrates
summarize interpretation of urinalysis data
describe bacterial prostatitis
