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URN Biweekly 2 > UTI- Audia > Flashcards

UTI- Audia Flashcards

1
Q

top 3 microbes for UTI’s

A

E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiella

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2
Q

patient presents with leukocyte casts and fever

A

pyelonephritis

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3
Q

what helps prevent UTIs (prevent microbes from ascending up into the bladder)

A

voiding (the flow of urine)

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4
Q

____ will be colonized by skin microbes

A

urethra

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5
Q

_____ microbiota of the gut will cause UTIs

A

our normal microbiota

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6
Q

UTI caused by microbe traveling from rectal flora to urethra to bladder

A

ascending UTI

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7
Q

UTI caused by microbe from another body location that disseminated and enters kidneys

A

descending UTI

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8
Q

bladder infection in the absence of signs/symptoms attributable to UTI

A

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

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9
Q

bacteriuria w/ sx’s such as burning during urination or frequent urination, may be suprapubic pain

A

cystitis

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10
Q

invasion of renal parenchyma, usually ascending from lower UT; usually a fever

A

acute pyelonephritis

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11
Q

sepsis that originated as a bacteriuria

A

Urosepsis

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12
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

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13
Q

1 or more species of microbes in the urine (>/= 10^5 CFU/mL)
absence of sx’s of infection
predominantly women

A

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

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14
Q

how to diagnose asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

screening and UA for pregnancy or procedure

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15
Q

2 consecutive + specimens w/in 2 weeks

A

asymptomatic bacteriuria

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16
Q

patients with this often have multiple organisms isolated from the urine

A

indwelling catheters

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17
Q

these individuals with ____ injuries are predisposed to UTI’s

A

spinal cord injuries (can’t void bladder well)

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18
Q

abnormal flow of urine from bladder into ureters

A

vesicoureteral reflux

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19
Q

prevalence of this increases in women who have diabetes

A

asymptomatic bacteriuria

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20
Q

proportion of a population found to have a disease

A

prevalence

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21
Q

numbers of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time

A

incidence

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22
Q

if patient is not showing signs or sx’s, do you treat or not and why

A

no; antimicrobial resistance

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23
Q

when to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

pregnant women

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24
Q

DNA damaging agent used to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women

A

Nitrofurantoin

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25
Q

targets peptidoglycan of cell wall and is used to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women

A

Amoxicillin

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26
Q

competitive inhibitor of beta lactamase; used in synergy with amoxicillin to treat pregnant women with ASB

A

Clavulanate

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27
Q

patient presents w lower back pain, hematuria, suprapubic tenderness, dysuria, frequency and urgency to urinate

A

UTI (cystitis)

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28
Q

increased frequency
increased urgency
burning on urination

A

UTI (cystitis)

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29
Q

if UTI spreads to kidney

A

acute pyelonephritis

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30
Q

fever
neutrophilia
CVAT
altered mental status

A

acute pyelonephritis

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31
Q

UTI’s from this microbe are prone to kidney stones

A

Proteus

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32
Q

3 gram + microbes that may cause UTIs

A

enterococcus
S. saprophyticus
S. aureus

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33
Q

___ are at increased risk of UTIs and complicated UTIs (renal abscesses or fungal infections)

A

diabetics

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34
Q

how to diagnose UTI

A

collect midstream urine specimen
UA
culture

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35
Q

how long to wait to send urine specimen to lab to culture

A

ASAP

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36
Q

how to collect urine specimen from patient with foley catheter

A

through collection port of catheter

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37
Q

where to never collect urine from

A

bag at the end of catheter

38
Q

3rd most common hospital acquired infection

A

catheter associated UTI

39
Q

how to collect urine specimen in infant

A

special catheter

40
Q

what on UA proves UTI

A

leukocyte esterase
nitrite

41
Q

positive only for gram - microbes

A

nitrite

42
Q

top arrow
bottom arrow

A

top arrow: leukocytes
bottom arrow: nitrites

43
Q

what 2 things can culturing a urine specimen give you

A

of microbes
identify microbe

44
Q

each colony on culture plate represents what

A

1 microbe

45
Q

+ urine culture=

A

50,000 organisms per mL

46
Q

another way to diagnose UTI that will show RBC’s, neutrophils, and bacteria if gram stain

A

microscopy

47
Q

UA shows:
WBC’s
leukocyte esterase
nitrite
dx?

A

cystitis

48
Q

if symptomatic, >1,000 CFUs/ml _______a UTI if only one organism

A

indicates

49
Q

if symptomatic, >100,000 CFUs/ml ________, predominantly one organism

A

definitive

50
Q

leukocyte casts present under microscopy
dx?

A

acute pyelonephritis

51
Q
A

leukocyte cast

52
Q

a way to determine exactly what drug to treat UTI with

A

antibiotic sensitivity test

53
Q

2 main drugs to treat cystitis

A

Nitrofurantoin
Bactrim (TMP-SMX)

54
Q

drug that inhibits folic acid synthesis and used to treat cystitis

A

Bactrim (TMP-SMX)

55
Q

2 main drugs to treat pyelonephritis

A

Ciprofloxacin
Bactrim (TMP-SMZ)

56
Q

cell wall inhibitor (targets peptidoglycan) that is used to treat infections with gram + microbes

A

Vancomycin

57
Q

if severely ill, how to treat pyelonephritis

A

Cipro (if severely ill)
Bactrim
admit to hospital

58
Q

if pregnant, how to treat pyelonephritis

A

IV Ceftriaxone

59
Q

_____ introduces bacteria from urethra into the bladder

A

catheter

60
Q

patient develops UTI sx’s w/in 48 hours of removing catheter

A

CAUTI (catheter associated UTI)

61
Q

main microbes causing CAUTI

A

E. coli
Proteus

62
Q

contains pili and fimbrae to stick to surfaces and prevent from getting washed out

A

E. coli

63
Q

gram - rod; grows on Macconkey; lactose fermenter

A

E. coli

64
Q

____ binds LPS on gram - microbes

A

TLR4

65
Q

as a result of _______ response, PMNs get into urine

A

inflammatory response

66
Q
A

E. coli

67
Q

recurrent inoculation
chronically colonized

A

recurrent cystitis

68
Q

gram - rod; lactose non-fermenting

A

Proteus mirabilis

69
Q

urease producing organism

A

Proteus

70
Q

associated with kidney stones (high alkaline pH)

A

Proteus

71
Q

gram -; lactose-fermenting; encapsulated

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

72
Q

mutli-drug resistant; rly resistant to what

A

Klebsiella; Carbapenem

73
Q

gram +; catalase +; coagulase -

A

S. saprophyticus

74
Q

“honeymoon cystitis”

A

S. saprophyticus

75
Q

gram +, catalase +, coagulase +

A

S. aureus

76
Q

involved in descending UTIs

A

S. aureus

77
Q

gram +, catalase -
highly Ab resistant

A

Enterococcus

78
Q

presence of urethral exudate, urethral itching, dysuria

A

Urethritis

79
Q

what synergy to use to treat UTI caused by Enterococcus

A

Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside

80
Q

2 main causes of Urethritis

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis

81
Q

usually sexually transmitted

A

Urethritis

82
Q

gram - like
no gram stain
obligate intracellular pathogen
elementary + reticulate bodies

A

Chlamydia

83
Q

treat chlamydia infection with

A

azithromycin
OR
doxycycline

84
Q

patient had impetigo, then 2 weeks later had facial edema and dark colored (tea colored) urine

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

85
Q

group A strep sequellae
Ab-Ag complexes (complement mediated damage)
hypercellularity of glomerulus

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

86
Q

HTN, edema, oliguria, tea-colored urine

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

87
Q

type ____ hypersensitivity reaction for post strep GN

A

III

88
Q
A

psot strep GN

89
Q

children
pharyngitis or impetigo
ASO titers/ anti-DNase B

A

post strep GN

90
Q

usually supportive care but if ongoing infection of strep, treat with

A

penicillin

URN Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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