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URN Biweekly 2 > UTI- Audia > Flashcards

UTI- Audia Flashcards

1
Q

top 3 microbes for UTI’s

A

E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiella

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2
Q

patient presents with leukocyte casts and fever

A

pyelonephritis

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3
Q

what helps prevent UTIs (prevent microbes from ascending up into the bladder)

A

voiding (the flow of urine)

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4
Q

____ will be colonized by skin microbes

A

urethra

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5
Q

_____ microbiota of the gut will cause UTIs

A

our normal microbiota

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6
Q

UTI caused by microbe traveling from rectal flora to urethra to bladder

A

ascending UTI

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7
Q

UTI caused by microbe from another body location that disseminated and enters kidneys

A

descending UTI

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8
Q

bladder infection in the absence of signs/symptoms attributable to UTI

A

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

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9
Q

bacteriuria w/ sx’s such as burning during urination or frequent urination, may be suprapubic pain

A

cystitis

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10
Q

invasion of renal parenchyma, usually ascending from lower UT; usually a fever

A

acute pyelonephritis

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11
Q

sepsis that originated as a bacteriuria

A

Urosepsis

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12
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

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13
Q

1 or more species of microbes in the urine (>/= 10^5 CFU/mL)
absence of sx’s of infection
predominantly women

A

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

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14
Q

how to diagnose asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

screening and UA for pregnancy or procedure

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15
Q

2 consecutive + specimens w/in 2 weeks

A

asymptomatic bacteriuria

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16
Q

patients with this often have multiple organisms isolated from the urine

A

indwelling catheters

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17
Q

these individuals with ____ injuries are predisposed to UTI’s

A

spinal cord injuries (can’t void bladder well)

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18
Q

abnormal flow of urine from bladder into ureters

A

vesicoureteral reflux

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19
Q

prevalence of this increases in women who have diabetes

A

asymptomatic bacteriuria

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20
Q

proportion of a population found to have a disease

A

prevalence

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21
Q

numbers of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time

A

incidence

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22
Q

if patient is not showing signs or sx’s, do you treat or not and why

A

no; antimicrobial resistance

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23
Q

when to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

pregnant women

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24
Q

DNA damaging agent used to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women

A

Nitrofurantoin

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25
targets peptidoglycan of cell wall and is used to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women
Amoxicillin
26
competitive inhibitor of beta lactamase; used in synergy with amoxicillin to treat pregnant women with ASB
Clavulanate
27
patient presents w lower back pain, hematuria, suprapubic tenderness, dysuria, frequency and urgency to urinate
UTI (cystitis)
28
increased frequency increased urgency burning on urination
UTI (cystitis)
29
if UTI spreads to kidney
acute pyelonephritis
30
fever neutrophilia CVAT altered mental status
acute pyelonephritis
31
UTI's from this microbe are prone to kidney stones
Proteus
32
3 gram + microbes that may cause UTIs
enterococcus S. saprophyticus S. aureus
33
___ are at increased risk of UTIs and complicated UTIs (renal abscesses or fungal infections)
diabetics
34
how to diagnose UTI
collect midstream urine specimen UA culture
35
how long to wait to send urine specimen to lab to culture
ASAP
36
how to collect urine specimen from patient with foley catheter
through collection port of catheter
37
where to never collect urine from
bag at the end of catheter
38
3rd most common hospital acquired infection
catheter associated UTI
39
how to collect urine specimen in infant
special catheter
40
what on UA proves UTI
leukocyte esterase nitrite
41
positive only for gram - microbes
nitrite
42
top arrow bottom arrow
top arrow: leukocytes bottom arrow: nitrites
43
what 2 things can culturing a urine specimen give you
of microbes identify microbe
44
each colony on culture plate represents what
1 microbe
45
+ urine culture=
50,000 organisms per mL
46
another way to diagnose UTI that will show RBC's, neutrophils, and bacteria if gram stain
microscopy
47
UA shows: WBC's leukocyte esterase nitrite dx?
cystitis
48
if symptomatic, >1,000 CFUs/ml _______a UTI if only one organism
indicates
49
if symptomatic, >100,000 CFUs/ml ________, predominantly one organism
definitive
50
leukocyte casts present under microscopy dx?
acute pyelonephritis
51
leukocyte cast
52
a way to determine exactly what drug to treat UTI with
antibiotic sensitivity test
53
2 main drugs to treat cystitis
Nitrofurantoin Bactrim (TMP-SMX)
54
drug that inhibits folic acid synthesis and used to treat cystitis
Bactrim (TMP-SMX)
55
2 main drugs to treat pyelonephritis
Ciprofloxacin Bactrim (TMP-SMZ)
56
cell wall inhibitor (targets peptidoglycan) that is used to treat infections with gram + microbes
Vancomycin
57
if severely ill, how to treat pyelonephritis
Cipro (if severely ill) Bactrim admit to hospital
58
if pregnant, how to treat pyelonephritis
IV Ceftriaxone
59
_____ introduces bacteria from urethra into the bladder
catheter
60
patient develops UTI sx's w/in 48 hours of removing catheter
CAUTI (catheter associated UTI)
61
main microbes causing CAUTI
E. coli Proteus
62
contains pili and fimbrae to stick to surfaces and prevent from getting washed out
E. coli
63
gram - rod; grows on Macconkey; lactose fermenter
E. coli
64
____ binds LPS on gram - microbes
TLR4
65
as a result of _______ response, PMNs get into urine
inflammatory response
66
E. coli
67
recurrent inoculation chronically colonized
recurrent cystitis
68
gram - rod; lactose non-fermenting
Proteus mirabilis
69
urease producing organism
Proteus
70
associated with kidney stones (high alkaline pH)
Proteus
71
gram -; lactose-fermenting; encapsulated
Klebsiella pneumoniae
72
mutli-drug resistant; rly resistant to what
Klebsiella; Carbapenem
73
gram +; catalase +; coagulase -
S. saprophyticus
74
"honeymoon cystitis"
S. saprophyticus
75
gram +, catalase +, coagulase +
S. aureus
76
involved in descending UTIs
S. aureus
77
gram +, catalase - highly Ab resistant
Enterococcus
78
presence of urethral exudate, urethral itching, dysuria
Urethritis
79
what synergy to use to treat UTI caused by Enterococcus
Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside
80
2 main causes of Urethritis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis
81
usually sexually transmitted
Urethritis
82
gram - like no gram stain obligate intracellular pathogen elementary + reticulate bodies
Chlamydia
83
treat chlamydia infection with
azithromycin OR doxycycline
84
patient had impetigo, then 2 weeks later had facial edema and dark colored (tea colored) urine
post strep glomerulonephritis
85
group A strep sequellae Ab-Ag complexes (complement mediated damage) hypercellularity of glomerulus
post strep glomerulonephritis
86
HTN, edema, oliguria, tea-colored urine
post strep glomerulonephritis
87
type ____ hypersensitivity reaction for post strep GN
III
88
psot strep GN
89
children pharyngitis or impetigo ASO titers/ anti-DNase B
post strep GN
90
usually supportive care but if ongoing infection of strep, treat with
penicillin

URN Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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