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URN Biweekly 2 > Disease of the Lower Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Disease of the Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation/infection of the bladder

A

cystitis

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2
Q

infection of the kidney and collection system

A

pyelonephritis

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3
Q

asymptomatic infections of the lower urinary tract

A

bacteriuria

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4
Q

urinary tract infections can spread where

A

to the kidney

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5
Q

85% of UTI’s caused by ____

A

gram - bacilli

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6
Q

in most patients with UTI, infecting organisms are derived from where

A

the patient’s own fecal flora

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7
Q

2 main bugs causing UTI’s

A

E. coli and proteus

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8
Q

2 other less common bugs that cause UTI

A

Klebsiella and Enterobacter

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9
Q

hematogenous UTI caused by what bugs

A

Staph and E. coli

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10
Q

ascending UTI caused by what 3 bugs

A

E. coli
Proteus
Enterobacter

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11
Q

what is dysfunctional that causes ascending UTI

A

vesicoureteral junction

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12
Q

suppurative inflammation of the kidney

A

acute pyelonephritis

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13
Q

affects tubules and interstitium

A

acute pyelonephritis

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14
Q

abscess formation and lead to papillary necrosis

A

acute pyelonephritis

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15
Q

obstruction
instrumental vesicoureteral reflux
pregnancy
diabetes
immunosuppresion

A

causes of acute pyelonephritis

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16
Q

presents with costovertebral angle pain and fever, malaise, chills

A

acute pyelonephritis

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17
Q

patchy infiltrates

A

acute pyelonephritis

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18
Q
A

acute pyelonephritis

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19
Q
A

acute pyelonephritis

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20
Q

inflammatory cells within parenchyma

A

acute pyelonephritis

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21
Q

tubule seen

A

acute pyelonephritis

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22
Q

tubulointerstitial inflammation and scarring (fibrosis seen)

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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23
Q

reflux nephropathy
chronic obstructive

A

chronic pyelonephritis types

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24
Q

most common chronic pyelonephritis

A

reflux nephropathy (ascending infection)

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25
Q

example of chronic obstructive lesions

A

BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)

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26
Q

seen on gross morphology is corticomedullary scars

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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27
Q

scarring of calyces and renal pelvis seen

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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28
Q
A

chronic pyelonephritis

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29
Q

deep scars in this image show what

A

blunted calyces

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30
Q

deep scars and atrophy seen

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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31
Q

tubular atrophy
thyroidization
interstitial inflammation

A

histologic findings of chronic pyelonephritis

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32
Q

what cells will we see with chronic pyelonephritis

A

lymphocytes

33
Q

presence of colloid (eosinophilic color)

A

thyroidization (seen in chronic pyelonephritis)

34
Q

collection of cells

A

histiocytes

35
Q

type of chronic pyelonephritis with histiocytes seen with foamy appearance

A

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

36
Q

R side more lymphocytes shown

A

chronic pyelonephritis

37
Q

arrows

A

thyroidization

38
Q

diagnosis

A

chronic pyelonephritis

39
Q
A

chronic pyelonephritis w/ thyroidization

40
Q

fibrosis

A

chronic pyelonephritis

41
Q

duplication
branching
ureteropelvic junction

A

congenital anomalies of ureters

42
Q

obstruction of ureters can lead to what

A

hydronephrosis, hydroureter, pyelonephritis

43
Q

stones (intrinsic) and tumors (extrinsic) can cause this

A

obstruction of ureters

44
Q
A

ureter duplication

45
Q
A

ureteral duplication

46
Q
A

ureteral duplication

47
Q

dilation of renal pelvis and calyces associated with atrophy due to outflow of urine obstruction

A

hydronephrosis

48
Q

most common causes of obstructive uropathy (4)

A

congenital anomolies
stones
tumors
inflammation

49
Q

main types of urolithiasis

A

calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
struvite
uric acid
cystine

50
Q

initiation and propagation of urolithiasis

A

supersaturation

51
Q

fever, chills, intense pain associated with this

A

urolithiasis

52
Q

sites of stone formation

A

renal calyces, pelvis, and bladder

53
Q

branching structures due to progressive accretion of salts (stones in calyces)

A

staghorn calculus

54
Q
A

urolithiasis

55
Q
A

staghorn calculus

56
Q

2 things seen

A

hydronephrosis
ureteral duplication

57
Q
A

hydroureter and hydronephrosis

58
Q
A

stones

59
Q
A

stones in bladder

60
Q

vesicoureteral reflux
diverticuli
extrophy
urachal anomalies

A

congenital anomalies of urinary bladder

61
Q

infection of bladder

A

cystitis

62
Q

main bug that can cause cystitis

A

E. coli

63
Q

frequency of urination, dysuria (burning), lower abd pain

A

cystitis

64
Q

SE of ifosfamide

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

65
Q

to Rx hemorrhagic cystitis

A

MESNA

66
Q

Acquired defect in phagocytic function; foamy macrophages + Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

A

malakoplakia (seen in cystitis)

67
Q
A

exstrophy of bladder

68
Q
A

vesicoureteral reflux

69
Q
A

urachal sinus

70
Q
A

urachal diverticulum

71
Q
A

patent urachus

72
Q
A

urachal cyst

73
Q
A

urachal cyst

74
Q
A

bladder stones

75
Q

urethral valves/stenosis
stricture
caruncle

A

urethra problems

76
Q

dysuria, frequency and associated with STDs

A

urethritis

77
Q
A

urethral caruncle

78
Q

lots of inflammation and RBC’s seen

A

caruncle

79
Q

external meatus in women, red and painful

A

caruncle

URN Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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