UTI Flashcards
Define UTI
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an inflammatory reaction of the urinary tract epithelium in response to pathogenic micro-organisms, most commonly bacteria.
How is a UTI confirmed?
urine obtained from a symptomatic male demonstrates growth of a significant amount (≥10^2 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) of one organism, or a predominance of one organism, when cultured.
NOTE; 1/3 women with symptoms of UTI will have negative MSU - so confirmation is different!
Which organs/systems are included in the definition of UTI?
infection of the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.
What is the most comon type of uti?
Infectious cystitis is the most common type of UTI, which is caused by a bacterial infection of the bladder.
Briefly what are pylenophretis and urethritis?
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that often occurs via bacterial ascent, and
Urethritis is an infection causing an inflammation of the urethra.
What is a complicated uti?
And an uncomplicated one?
Uncomplicated UTI - normal renal tract and function
Complicated UTI - abnormal renal/genitourinary tract, voiding difficulty/obstruction, reduced renal function, impaired host defences, virulent organism (e.g. S. aureus)
What is a lower uti?
and an upper one?
Lower UTI - affecting the urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystitis) or prostate (prostatitis)
Upper UTI - affecting the renal pelvis (pyelonephritis)
What is the aetiology of UTIs? (typical organisms)
MOST UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli
Other causative organisms:
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (SS)
Proteus mirabilis
Enterococci
Atypical organisms causing UTI?
Cause infection in immunocompromised individuals:
Klebsiella
Candida albicans
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Risk factors for UTI?
FEMALE (1/3rd will get it)
Sexual intercourse
Exposure to spermicide
Pregnancy
Menopause
Immunosuppression
Catheterisation
Urinary tract obstruction
Urinary tract malformation
