renal cancer

Question 1

most common histology?

Answer 1

clear cell - 80%

Question 2

what is RCC?

Answer 2

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a renal malignancy arising from the renal parenchyma/cortex, and accounts for about 90% of kidney cancers

Question 3

PRESENTATION?

Answer 3

haematuria
flank pain
abdominal mass

incidental

Question 4

ivx?

Answer 4

definitive - contrast ct

USS first
bloods, egfr, urinalysis
lft - deranged if mets

poor prognostic indicators;
calcium - high
LDH - high

paraneoplastic presentation;
anaemia
erythrocytosis - excess epo
deranged coagulation

Question 5

rx?

Answer 5

stage 1-3
survellance
surgery

stage 4:
targetted therapy: dual drugs ‘tinibs’

Question 6

what is a paraneoplastic syndrome?

Answer 6

A paraneoplastic syndrome is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the consequence of a tumor in the body (usually a cancerous one), specifically due to the production of chemical signaling molecules (such as hormones or cytokines) by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor.