Uterine Arterial Venous Malformation

Question 1

what is uterine arterial venous malformation

Answer 1

Rare uterine pathology

Question 2

what are symptoms of UAV

Answer 2

M

Question 3

what does UAV result from

Answer 3

Caused by fistulas between arteries and veins within the uterus without a capillary network

Question 4

what are causes of UAV

Answer 4

Can be congenital
• Are more likley aquired (teratogenic)
• Acquired/ Trauma uterine AVM caused by trauma, surgery or gestational trophoblastic disease

Question 5

where is AVM most commonly seen

Answer 5

myometrium

less commonly endometrium

Question 6

what are the types of AVM

Answer 6

• Congenital AVM

- Acquired AVM (more likely)

Question 7

sonographic signs AVM 2D

Answer 7

nonspecific spiral anechoic structure

Question 8

AVM colour doppler

Answer 8

Abundant turbulent flow

-High velocity, low resistance flow

Question 9

what are acquired causes of uterine AVMS

Answer 9

• trauma
• surgery
• Gestational trophoblastic disase

Question 10

what is the treatment for AVM

Answer 10

Embolization Therapy

Question 11

what are Nabothian cysts

Answer 11

inclusions cysts

Retention cyst of the nabothian gland

Question 12

Do Nabothian cysts cause any symptoms

Answer 12

No

Question 13

what are the sonographic appearance of Nabothian cysts

Answer 13

Size raging from 3mm to 3cm

smooth walled fluid filled masses

enhanced transmission

Question 14

what is the most common benign neoplasm of the cervix

Answer 14

Polyp

Question 15

what can cervical polyp cause

Answer 15

Bleeding or discharge but usually asymptomatic

Question 16

how are cervical polyps attached to the cervical wall

Answer 16

Pedicle

Question 17

what age are most patients with cervical polyps

Answer 17

Perimenopausal at time of presentation (5th decade of life)

Question 18

what i the treatment for cervical polyps

Answer 18

Asymptotic polyps do not need removal

Question 19

when is removal of cervical polyps warranted

Answer 19

when they begin to bleed, grow large or have unusual appearance on visual examination

Question 20

what is the appearance of the cervical polyp

Answer 20

Sessile or pedunculated well-circumscribed masses within the endocervical canal

Question 21

What is the echogenicity of cervical polyp

Answer 21

Hypoechoic or echogenic

Question 22

how can cervical polyps be differentiated from endometrial polyps

Answer 22

Stalk attaching it to the cervical wall