Uterine Arterial Venous Malformation Flashcards
what is uterine arterial venous malformation
Rare uterine pathology
what are symptoms of UAV
M
what does UAV result from
Caused by fistulas between arteries and veins within the uterus without a capillary network
what are causes of UAV
Can be congenital
• Are more likley aquired (teratogenic)
• Acquired/ Trauma uterine AVM caused by trauma, surgery or gestational trophoblastic disease
where is AVM most commonly seen
myometrium
less commonly endometrium
what are the types of AVM
- Congenital AVM
- Acquired AVM (more likely)
sonographic signs AVM 2D
nonspecific spiral anechoic structure
AVM colour doppler
Abundant turbulent flow
-High velocity, low resistance flow
what are acquired causes of uterine AVMS
- trauma
- surgery
- Gestational trophoblastic disase
what is the treatment for AVM
Embolization Therapy
what are Nabothian cysts
inclusions cysts
Retention cyst of the nabothian gland
Do Nabothian cysts cause any symptoms
No
what are the sonographic appearance of Nabothian cysts
Size raging from 3mm to 3cm
smooth walled fluid filled masses
enhanced transmission
what is the most common benign neoplasm of the cervix
Polyp
what can cervical polyp cause
Bleeding or discharge but usually asymptomatic
how are cervical polyps attached to the cervical wall
Pedicle
what age are most patients with cervical polyps
Perimenopausal at time of presentation (5th decade of life)
what i the treatment for cervical polyps
Asymptotic polyps do not need removal
when is removal of cervical polyps warranted
when they begin to bleed, grow large or have unusual appearance on visual examination
what is the appearance of the cervical polyp
Sessile or pedunculated well-circumscribed masses within the endocervical canal
What is the echogenicity of cervical polyp
Hypoechoic or echogenic
how can cervical polyps be differentiated from endometrial polyps
Stalk attaching it to the cervical wall
