Endometrial Carcinoma Flashcards
most common gynecologic cancer in USA
Endometrial ccarcinoma
best prognosis
Early diagnosis?
what are risk factors of endometrial carcinoma
Obesity Nulliparity Late menopause Adenomatous polyps Family history Unopposed estrogen
what are pre-disposing factors f endometrial carcinoma
Colon cancer and breast cancer (tamoxifen treatment)
what are decreased risk
Oral contraceptives
smoking
what is the most common type of endometrial cacrinoma
80% endometrioid type
How many types are there
Two
Type One
due to long term estrogen therapy (low grade)- progress from endometrial hyperplasia – good prognosis
Type Two
atrophic endometrium (high grade)- associated with an atrophic endometrium and have a much poorer prognosis (less common)
when is endometrial carconoma most common
Occurs in 6th – 7th decade of life
White
what are clinical symptoms
Bleeding
Pain
Uterine distention
what are treatment options
Total hysterectomy Uterus Ovaries Tubes Lymphadenectomy with higher grade cancer Radiation and chemotherapy
endometrium appearance
heterogeneous echo texture with irregular or poorly defined margins, cancer is more likely
what changes within the endometrium may be seen
cystic changes
what may also be caused by obstruction of the endometrium canal
hydrometra or hematometra
what is indicative of advanced stage disease
Enlargement with lobular contour of the uterus and mixed echogenicity is more indicative of an advanced disease stage
Stage 1 or 2C
Confined to the uterus
Stage 3 or 4
Extends beyond the uterus
Bladder/rectum infiltration
Adjacent mass
Ureteral obstruction
Other imaging
MRI/CT
Lymphadenopathy
Metastatic disease (Stage III and IV
DD
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial polyps
Leiomyoma
Cervical cancer
