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A Level History > USSR Social Developments Employment and Housing > Flashcards

USSR Social Developments Employment and Housing Flashcards

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1
Q

Which reform of Lenin’s introduced principles designed to transform work?

A

1918 Declaration of rights of toiling and exploited people

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2
Q

When was compulsory labour introduced?

A

1918

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3
Q

What were rations during war communism based on?

A

Classes - working class get the biggest rations

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4
Q

How many products were rationed?

A

36

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5
Q

How many people were eligible for rationing?

A

22 million

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6
Q

What were set up for workers to eat communally?

A

Dining halls

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7
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1921 to 1924?

A

1921- 5.5% and 1924 - 18%

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8
Q

In 1922 how many unemployed were women?

A

68%

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9
Q

What did the 1922 labour laws entitle the worker to?

A

the right to agree pay and working conditions with employers

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10
Q

Under the NEP how much more were workers paid than in 1913?

A

10%

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11
Q

As War Communism ended how many advisors were sacked?

A

250,000

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12
Q

What was criminalised by Stalin as harsh labour discipline?

A

lateness criminalised / strikes banned / damaging factories = criminalised

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13
Q

What year were internal passports brought in?

A

1940s

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14
Q

What benefits for worker’s conditions (living and working) did the 5 year plans bring?

A

Access to electricity / Factory/farm communal canteens for food / greater healthcare provision

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15
Q

In the 1930s how many km of railway was built to improve transport links?

A

30,000

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16
Q

In the Ukraine, party members were vaccinated against what disease?

A

Typhus

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17
Q

How many cases of Malaria were there in 1932?

A

236,000

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18
Q

What happened to the industrial workforce in 1945-50?

A

Increased from 8 million workers to 12.2 million workers

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19
Q

In 1947, food shortages meant workers had to pay __ of their wage for a mean in the communal canteen

A

Half

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20
Q

From 1940-1950 what happened to infant mortality?

A

It decreased by 50%

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21
Q

In which years did doctors increase by 2/3rds?

A

1947-1952

22
Q

What couldn’t the government provide for workers?

A

amenities such as soap

23
Q

In 1946, due to sickness how many days did workers take off in the year?

A

10-13

24
Q

Why did more workers move to cities?

A

Due to industrialisation and the greater amount of jobs that were available as a result

25
Q

The redistribution of property in 1918 occurred due to…

A

Communism wanting to take away capitalism which could be seen through private property

26
Q

Under the NEP what percentage of urban housing was denationalised?

A

60-80%

27
Q

In 1921 what was reintroduced?

A

Rent

28
Q

What % of housebuilding after the civil war was done by private businesses?

A

89%

29
Q

What happened to the population in 1929-1940?

A

It trebled

30
Q

What were built as a result of the population increase?

A

Kommunalkas (Communal apartments)

31
Q

What were the problems with Kommunalkas?

A

Singular rooms were divided so that in some cases one light switch would end up controlling 7 rooms / no running water / no electricity / no sewage facilities / no kitchens

32
Q

in 1941-46, what fraction of housing was destroyed due to war?

A

1/3rd

33
Q

For the workers of Moscow’s coalfields, how many workers were there in comparison to beds?

A

26,000 workers and only 15,000 beds

34
Q

from 1945-50 how many farming villages were built in the Ukraine?

A

4,500

35
Q

Under Khrushchev, what happened to investment for healthcare from 1950-59?

A

Investment rose from 21.4 billion roubles to 44 billion roubles

36
Q

What happened to death rates in 1950-65?

A

Decreased from 9.7% in 1950 to 7.3% in 1965

37
Q

What happened to the pensions budget in 1950-56?

A

It quadrupled (1 million to 4.4 million)

38
Q

What social reforms were brought in, in 1961?

A

Free lunches in schools, offices and factories / free public transport / free healthcare and pension rights for farmers

39
Q

In 1956-65 what happened to housing?

A

It doubled

40
Q

What happened to communal apartments under Khrushchev?

A

They were stopped and families were allowed a whole apartment instead of a singular room

41
Q

Who brought in the ‘social contract’?

A

Brezhnev

42
Q

What did the ‘social contract’ entail?

A

The production of a stable society through a deal with citizens that they would provide labour and cooperation

43
Q

What were the 5 main elements of the ‘social contract’?

A

Job security / low prices for goods / thriving second economy / social benefits / social mobility

44
Q

Due to the social contract, what increased significantly?

A

Living standards

45
Q

Under Brezhnev, what necessities were virtually free of charge?

A

Water and electricity

46
Q

What was a negative consequence of the ‘social contract’?

A

It caused stagnation

47
Q

What was the inefficiencies with employment?

A

Some people were working useless jobs but still got paid - 20% of workers

48
Q

in the 1960s, how many vacancies were there at least?

A

1 million

49
Q

What happened to female employment?

A

It decreased

50
Q

By 1985, what % of Russians were out of work?

A

2%

51
Q

In the 1970s, what happened to infant mortality rates?

A

Increased from 3-7%

52
Q

What happened to life expectancy?

A

It decreased from 68-64

A Level History (7 decks)

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