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A Level History > USSR Control of the People - Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko > Flashcards

USSR Control of the People - Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko Flashcards

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1
Q

In an attempt to make a greater consumer society, what proliferated?

A

TV, magazines and radios

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2
Q

What was the women’s magazine that published letters of women’s troubles?

A

Rabotista

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3
Q

In the satirical magazine ____ who did they poke fun at?

A

Krokodil - men who arrived at parades drunk, late or not al all

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4
Q

What did Khrushchev introduce to ‘liberalise’ modern media?

A

The cultural ‘thaws’

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5
Q

In 1950, how many TVs had been produced?

A

10,000

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6
Q

By 1957, how many TVs were there?

A

Just under 3 million

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7
Q

What did films focus on?

A

Traditional themes such as war and building socialism

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8
Q

What 2 events in 1961 and 1963 encouraged people to watch 5 hour programmes on their TVs?

A

1961 - Yuri Gargarian space

1963 - Valentina Tereshkova

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9
Q

What did films under Brezhnev focus on?

A

High fashion and luxury apartments in an attempt to get more people to buy consumer goods

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10
Q

Why did Brezhnev’s tactic of TV appearances backfire?

A

He was very ill and therefore seen as ill on TV

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11
Q

What magazines became more popular?

A

Western magazines such as vogue

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12
Q

What was so controversial about Khrushchev’s cult of personality?

A

He had denounced Stalin’s cult of personality during his destalinisation speech in 1956 yet now has one of his own

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13
Q

What other cult of personality did Khrushchev revive?

A

Lenin’s

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14
Q

How was Kh depicted in soviet propaganda?

A

As one of Lenin’s disciples / responsible for the successes of the space missions / a respected statesman

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15
Q

Why did Kh’s cult become problematic in the 1960s?

A

Kh has associated himself with the success of the VLS, however as it started to fail, this backlashed on his career/ corn campaign = disaster / awful foreign policy

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16
Q

Why did Brezhnev adopt a cult of personality?

A

To consolidate his position / To stabilise the regime

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17
Q

What 4 aspects did the cult of Brezhnev have?

A

Loyal Lenninist / military hero / foreign affairs / true man of the people

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18
Q

What did Brezhnev hold to mark important celebrations? When was the first one and what was it for?

A

Held festivals / first one in 1967 / marked the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution

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19
Q

Why was Brezhnev’s cult counter-productive?

A

He lived luxuriously - not a man of the people / war veterans hated B’s WW2 role / Young people knew the size of the army during the cold war therefore, was it really peaceful

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20
Q

What was Khrushchev’s outlook on religion?

A

Didn’t like it - wanted to revive the anti-religious campaigns of the 1920s

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21
Q

What did Kh do with religion in 1958?

A

Closed the churches that had recently been opened after ww2 / reintroduced anti-religious propaganda

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22
Q

What religious buildings did Kh close in 1959?

A

Roman Catholic monasteries

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23
Q

What did kh use as a way to spite religion?

A

The space race - Yuri Gargarian said ‘when I went up to the heavens I saw no God’

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24
Q

Who was targeted greatly by the religious suppression?

A

Women as they made up 2/3rds of church goers

25
Q

How many churches did the KGB successfully close in 1958 and 1964?

A

1958 - 8000

1964 - 5000

26
Q

What did Khrushchev’s religious strategies lead to?

A

New dissent against the govt.

27
Q

What did Brezhnev end in accordance to religion?

A

Khrushchev’s religious suppression

28
Q

What did B advocate instead of suppression?

A

Atheism

29
Q

Which religious groups did B’s government start supporting?

A

Anti-west Islam groups

30
Q

Did B’s policies fail or succeed?

A

Neither, the proportion of religious people stayed at 20% from 1960-1985

31
Q

In what year was Andropov promoted to head of the KGB?

A

1967

32
Q

What was Andropov’s goal as head of the KGB?

A

To supress dissidents (max control through min. violence)

33
Q

Who were Sakharov and Solzhenistyn?

A

Dissidents:
Sak = 1964 led a campaign to expel Lysenko (kh’s favourite scientist) as he was corrupt - got a lot of western attention so was sent into internal excile
Solz = Russian nationalist

34
Q

In what year and what policy did Andropov enact that increased surveillance and action?

A

1968 - policy no. 0051

35
Q

To increase KGB efficiency, what measures were introduced?

A

KGB agents who broke the law were sacked / KGB agents were not allowed to accept gifts

36
Q

What were high profile dissidents allowed to do?

A

emigrate

37
Q

Why did high profile dissidents emigrate?

A

This would produce less international backlash and coverage

38
Q

What happened to low profile dissidents?

A

They were subject to repressive psychiatry

39
Q

Why was repressive psychiatry used?

A

Documentation was private meaning it was easier for the government to hide / Treatment could be indefinite / People could be prescribed medicine to keep them quiet

40
Q

What did Andropov change emphasis from and to when he became leader?

A

From repression to prevention

41
Q

How many warnings were given out in the 1970s?

A

70,000

42
Q

In what year was the official warning scheme brought in?

A

1972

43
Q

What year was the Law and order campaign and what did it crack down on?

A

1979 - cracked down on alcoholism, corruption and hooliganism

44
Q

What year was the Helsinki agreement and what did it do?

A

1975 - Committed countries in Europe to respect human rights (not legally binding)

45
Q

In what year did Andropov become leader of the USSR?

A

1982

46
Q

How did the KGB maintain surveillance?

A

Phone tapping / Spying

47
Q

What were the reasons for popular discontent within the USSR?

A

standards of living increased v slowly / insufficient promotion opportunities / less incentive / resentment of party privileges

48
Q

Socially, what increased?

A

alcoholism / increase in demands for western goods / avoidance of military service

49
Q

How did Andropov deal with discontent?

A

Greater discipline measures: anti-alcoholism, anti-corruption/ operation trawl

50
Q

How did the ballet help revive the USSR?

A

Bolshoi ballet’s Spartacus with Yuri Grigorovich’s choreography won international praise in 1968

51
Q

What 3 groups of artists and intellectuals were there?

A

Obedient functionaries - acted with the system
Loyal opportunists - critical of the system byt expressed this through official channels
Dissidents -against the system

52
Q

How many writers had written over 10,000 pieces of anti-Soviet documents?

A

1292

53
Q

What year was the Sinyavsky - Daniel trial?

A

1966

54
Q

What were Sinyavsky and Daniel sentenced to?

A

7 and 5 years in a gulag

55
Q

In the 1970s, how many artists were receiving repressive psychiatry treatment?

A

7000-8000

56
Q

What year was Prague Springs?

A

1968

57
Q

What did Prague Springs do?

A

Showed that whole states wanted to break away from the soviet union - Czechoslovakia

58
Q

What was the ‘forest ritual’ of 1968

A
  • A picture of women naked in the woods - a direct attack on the prohibition of women’s nudity
59
Q

In what year did government bulldozers crash an art exhibition and what was it called?

A

1974 ‘Bulldozer Exhibition’

A Level History (7 decks)

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