USSR aims 1941-1945 Flashcards
Aims at conferences 1945
Tehran conference -28th November of 1943
Yalta conference
February 4–11, 1945
Agree: Germany divided into 4 zones
Disagree: Misunderstandings on ‘sphere of influence’ and plans for eastern European/ German ‘elections, ‘ two very different meanings ideologically
Disagree: soviet expansion. Compromise ad soviets gain polish territory east of Curzon line. Germany loses territory to Poland to compensate.
Potsdam conference
17 July to August 2, 1945
Agree; Germany de militarized and de Nazified [Nuremburg trails nov 1945- oct 1946] , Germany split into 4 zones with berlin
Disagree: reparations, reach compromise with of taking from own zone, takes 10million 1945-1949
Disagree: how Germany will be run. West want Acc government, but USSR feel they will be outvoted. Established with little power.
2nd front
2nd Moscow cofrence – 12th august 1942 – refuse to open and 2nd front in cherbourgh france
Lasts over 3 and ½ hrs – tensions rise – stalin wants to relase suffering on soviet fronts – suggest taking back british virgin islands
Tension as ; fighting worse on soviet fron , 25million killed vs 7million from uk/usa — stalin feels west are intentionally weakening ussr
west delay formal 2nd front eg)allied landings in siccily July 10th 1943
not till – , opened on June 6, 1944, with the D-Day landings in Normandy
Influence in eastern Europe
argue do not fufill aim of total control
4th mocscow confrecne
-October 9, 1944 Percentages agreement
Greece: 90% British sphere of influence, 10% Soviet.
Romania: 90% Soviet sphere of influence, 10% British.
Hungary: 50% Soviet sphere of influence, 50% British.
Bulgaria: 75% Soviet sphere of influence, 25% British
Eval = Do suceed
Poland- Invade 13th July 1944, reach Warsaw by 24th, plan radio uprising for August 1st, but bail out. 200000 killed, 150000 sent to concentration camps, later establish communist dominated provisional; government in Jan 1945, form coalitions, able to win 394 seats to peasants 28
Czechoslovakia – Gain influence, 8 seats given to key USSR leaders eg] minister of the interior, ensuring communist police state. Red army raise coup Feb 1948. Key politicians eg] Jan Masaryk killed March 1948.
Romania - liberated by USSR in 1944. Red army coup march 1945, establish National democratic front. Apply redistribution of land and ballot rigging/intimidation, win 70% of vote November 1956.
Hungary - communist party wins 17% of the vote
Financial aid
Lend lease act - March 11, 1941 – provides 11.3 billion to ussr vs 31 billion to uK throughout war
Tension as – ussr need money more, stalingard invasion is detrimential – 22nd June 1941 – 8000000 Killed, 6 million captured and wounded
NEED AID= 1941 grain decreased 1.7 times compared to 1940.
GDP fell 34%
Aim to win the war
First Moscow Conference
September 29 1941
=agree ussr get aid-march. March 11, 1941 – provides 11.3 billion to ussr vs 31 billion to uK throughout war
Tehran Conference
November 28 th 1948= Agree ussr can have large parts of Poland
Uk/us will invade France in May of 1944 not greece= dday is June 6th 1994
=ussr can liberate eastern Europe. ussr feel invasion is being delayed to weaken them
Ussr liberate berlin
–2.3 million soldiers invade from April 16 to May 2, 1945, culminating in the capture of Berlin
May 2nd 1945: General Helmuth Weidling, commander of the Berlin Defence Area, officially surrendered
