USPSTF guidelines/statistic review Flashcards
What is the leading cause of death in all ages/genders? what is the 2nd cause of death?
- Heart disease
- Cancer
what are the three top leading cancer deaths?
- Lung Cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- Pancreas
what is the most common cause of death in adolescents?
- unintentional injuries (MVCs)
what is the second most common cause of death in adolescents?
Suicide
watch signs for depression, such as talking about sauna, saying goodbye to friends and family, social isolation, social media updates about death etc.
what is the leading cause of death in birth to 12 months?
Congenital malformations
what is the leading cause of death in age 1 to 44 years?
unintentional injuries
what is the leading cause of death in age 45 to 64?
Cancer
what is the leading cause of aged 65 and older?
heart disease
what is the average life expectancy for female in the US?
81 years
what is the average life expectancy for males in the US?
76 years
what is the most common type of cancer?
skin cancer
what is the most common type of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
what skin cancer causes the majority of skin cancer deaths?
melanoma
what is the most common prevalent cancer in men?
prostate cancer
what race is at higher risk for prostate cancer for cancer?
African American men and Caribbean men.
what is the most common type of cancer in women?
breast cancer
what is the most common type of cancer in children?
ALL
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
sensitivity tests do what?
they rule in
specificity tests do what?
they rule out
True or False:
People aged 50 to 59 years with greater than 10% CVD risk: initiate low dose aspirin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular and colorectal cancer in patients who are not at increased risk for bleeding with life expectancy of at least 10 years and who are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years.
True
what is the baseline age to start a mammogram? what is the frequency?
start at 50 years, repeat every 2 years until age 74 yrs.
For women with familial breast cancer, what is the recommendation to start screening?
in their 40s
The American cancer society recommends that women at highest risk of breast cancer (BRCA gene) should obtain both breast MRI and mammogram every year, starting at what age?
30
what is the cervical cancer USPSTF recommendation for women aged 20 and younger?
Do not screen (even if sexually active with multiple partners); cervical cancer is rare before age 21 yrs.
what is the cervical cancer USPSTF recommendation for women aged 21 to 29?
Every 3 years with cervical cytology alone
what is the cervical cancer USPSTF recommendation for women aged 30 to 65?
Every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 yrs with high-risk (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology
what is the cervical cancer USPSTF recommendation for women with a prior hysterectomy with removal of cervix?
If hysterectomy with cervical removal was not due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN grade 2) or cervical cancer, stop screening
what is the cervical cancer USPSTF recommendation for women aged older than 65 with adequate prior screening?
Do not screen if there is history of adequate prior screening and is otherwise not at high risk for cervical cancer.
what is the USPSTF recommendation for colorectal cancer?
start at age 45 to 75 years.
what is the USPSTF recommendation for colon cancer screenings with colonoscopies? FOBT? Flexible sigmoidoscopy ? Stool DNA?
Colonoscopy every 10 years.
Flex Sigmoidoscopy or CT colonography every 5 yrs.
FOBT/FIT test every year
Stool DNA every 1 to 3 yrs.
what is the USPSTF recommendation age for a total lipid profile after a 9 hour minimum fast?
40 to 75
True or false:
The USPSTF recommends the use of low to moderate dose statin for adults with no history of CVD (primary prevention) when all the following are met:
-age 40 to 75
-the pt has one or more CVD risk factors (dyslipidemia, DM, HTN, Smoking)
-the pt has a calculated 10 yr risk of CV event greater than 10%
-aged greater than 76 yrs without hx of heart attack or stroke
True
what is the age for a person who has a 30 pack yrs or have quit in the past 15 yrs to get an annual screening with a low dose CT scan?
aged 55 to 80 yrs
what is the screening age for men for prostate cancer, what is the recommendation?
aged 55 to 69.
shared decision making
For men in what age range is it recommended to get an abdominal aortic aneurysm screening?
ages 65 to 75
what is the AAA screening recommendation?
men aged 65 to 75 who have smoked should do a one time screening with ultrasonography.
when do you start screening for osteoporosis ?
start at age 65 years or older
what is the age recommendation to screen children for anixety?
aged 8 to 18
what is the USPSTF recommendation for women who are at high risk for preeclampsia?
use of low dose aspirin (81 mg/day) as preventative medication
Does the USPSTF recommend screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture in pregnant persons?
USPSTF DOES recommend screening
what is the age recommendation for screening for MDD in adolescents?
start at age 12 to 18 yrs
what is the recommendation of folic acid supplementation for women of child bearing age?
folic acid 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 mcg)
what is the recommended age for screening for gestational diabetes?
in asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after
what are the risk factors for breast cancer?
Aged 50 years or older (most common risk factor)
Previous history of breast cancer
BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation
History of high-dose radiation therapy to the chest at a young age (such as treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma)
Two or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer
Early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity (longer exposure to estrogen)
Obesity (adipose tissue can synthesize small amounts of estrogen)
what are the risk factors for cervical cancer?
Multiple sex partners (defined as >four lifetime partners)
Younger age onset of sex (immature cervix easier to infect)
Immunosuppression and smoking
what are the risk factors for colorectal cancer ?
History of familial polyposis (multiple polyps on colon)
First-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) diagnosed with colon cancer at younger than 60 years of age
History of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)
what are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
Aged 50 years or older
African ancestry
First-degree relative with prostate cancer
when is the Hepatitis B vaccine given? list the 3 dose series
at birth, at 1 month, and again at 6 months of age
minimial interval of 4 weeks between doses 1 and 2
when is the Hepatitis B vaccine given? list the 3 dose series
at birth, at 1 month, and again at 6 months of age
minimal interval of 4 weeks between doses 1 and 2
when is the Hepatitis B vaccine given? list the 3 dose series
at birth, at 1 month, and again at 6 months of age
minimal interval of 4 weeks between doses 1 and 2
when is the Tetanus/diphtheria (Td) Tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis (Tdap) given?
Every 10 years for lifetime.
Substitute one time dose of Tdap for Td booster (once in a lifetime).
Dirty wounds, give tetanus booster if last dose more than 5 years ago.
Contaminated/dirty wounds that are either unvaccinated or did not complete primary series should be given TIG (tetanus immune globulin)for prophylaxis.
when is the varicella vaccine suppose to be given? list 2 dose age range
first dose at 12 months (1 yr).
second dose at 4-6 yrs.
when is the shingles/zoster vaccine to be given? list age range
The first dose of Shingrix for healthy adults aged 50 yrs or older; separate second doe by 2-6 months.
when is the Meningococcal conjugate vaccine quadrivalent (MCV4) to be given ? what age, when is the booster to be given?
start at age 11 to 12 yrs
Give booster dose at 16 yrs. All preteens and teens aged 11 to 12 yrs old need a booster at the age 16 years.
when is the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) to be given?
infants, some adults adults aged 65 yrs or older.
it is optional for adults 65 and older if they don’t have any immunocompromising conditions
when is the Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) to be given? when is the booster to be given?
one dose at age 65 yrs.
if vaccinated before age 65, give a booster in 5 yrs.
what are contraindications for receiving the live attenuated virus?
pregnancy, chronic disease (DM, COPD, asthma)
contraindicated in children on aspirin therapy (aged 2 to 17 yrs)
Children aged 2 to 4 yrs who have asthma or hx of wheezing in the past 12 months.
for a child younger than 7 yrs, what tetanus vaccine should be given?
DTaP
for a child 7 yrs and older, what tetanus vaccine should be given?
Td
All adults aged 65 yrs or older or if higher risk for pneumococcal (age 2-64). If received dose before age 65, should receive one final dose of the vaccine at age 65 years or older. Administering this dose should be at least how many years after prior dose?
5 years after prior dose
PPSV23 is also called?
Pneumovax
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13): all children younger than 2 yrs of age receive a series of four doses (2,4,6, and 12-15 months) or those at high risk of pneumococcal disease.
true
PCV13 is also recommended for adults ages 19 or older with immunocompromising conditions, CSF leaks, or cochlear implants.
true
For adults age 65 yrs or older who want to receive PCV13 should give dose at least 1 yr after PPSV23.
true
PCV13 is called what?
Prevnar
if a person is vaccinated with pneumovax before the age of 65, what is recommended?
Give a booster dose of Pneumovax 5 yrs after the initial dose.
what is the preferred vaccine for shingles for adults age 50 and older?
shingrix
shingrix requires two injections, how many months apart?
2 to 6 months apart
what are the side effects of shingrix?
sore arm, headache, fever, stomach pain, or nausea.
If the second dose of Shingrix is delayed by more than 6 months after the fist dose, what is advised?
Do not restart the series, give the second dose.
at what age can you vaccinate someone with shingrix?
at age 50 years of age
what are the two high risk HPV types?
type 16 and 18
All of the following describe normal behavior for a 3 yrs old child, except:
a. Speaks in three- to five-word sentences that are understood by most strangers
b. Can draw a cross
c. Can draw a circle
d. Can ride a tricycle
B. can draw a cross
a 5 yr old child, can do what?
draw a stick person with six body parts, copy a square, print some letters and numbers, and count to 10 or more
A “clunk” sound heard while performing the Ortolani maneuver means what?
it is a positive finding and signifies a possible hip abnormality (hip dysplasia) in infants. refer infant to pedi orthopedist.
SLE is two to three times more prevalent among women of what descent? list 3
african american
hispanic
native american
Staphylococcus aureus is what type of gram stain?
gram positive
Pseudonomonas aeruginosa is what type of gram stain?
gram negative
what are the classic signs of fetal alcohol syndrome?
microcephaly, narrow eyes, thin lips, and a smooth philtrum.
what tanner stage is this?
An adolescent female’s areola, nipple, and breast tissue and become elevated as one mound.
Tanner stage III
what are the signs and symptoms of Klinefelter’s syndrome? 47, XXY karyotype
gynecomastia, long limbs, and lack of secondary sexual characteristics
The ELISA and Western blot tests detect what?
only HIV antibodies
