Respiratory system Review Flashcards
what is the first line treatment for community acquired pneumonia WITHOUT comorbdities?
Amoxicillin 1 g three times a day
what are two other antibiotics that can be used to treat community-acquired pneumonia WITHOUT comorbidities?
Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily and a Macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin
what antibiotic monotherapy drug is recommended for a patient with comorbidities such as HTN, DM, COPD,etc?
Fluroquinolone (levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin)
what antibiotic combination therapy drugs are recommended for a patient with comorbidities?
Augmentin/Cefpodoxime/Cefuroxime PLUS a macrolide (Azithromycin, clarithromycin or doxycycline)
About how many days should a patient with CAP be treated with antibiotics for?
5 to 10 days
what is the gold standard for diagnosing COPD?
Spirometry
what is the range for diagnosing COPD with a post-bronchodilator ?
A FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.7
basically the patient doesn’t improve with use of a bronchodilator
what is the lung cancer screening recommendation?
screen anyone who has smoked or ever smoke for adults ages 50 to 80 who have a 20 pack a year smoking history with a low dose CT scan. Also screen candidates for lung cancer who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 yrs.
Vesicular breath sounds are heard where?
lower lobes
Bronchial breath sounds are heard where?
upper lobes
what does this mean:
Amount of air that a person can forcefully exhale in 1 second.
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
what does this mean:
Total amount of air that can be exhaled during the FEV1 test
Forced vital capacity
when you hear rust colored sputum, what organism should you think of?
streptococcus pneumoniae (gram-positive)
what is the first line medication for asthma treatment?
inhaled corticosteroid plus saba prn
what is the most common pathogen of CAP?
streptococcus pneumonia
what antibiotic is not recommended apart of combination or monotherapy for patients with comorbidities who have CAP?
doxycycline
what does the CURB-65 severity scoring tool mean?
it assess five factors associated with increased mortality in community acquired pneumonia :
Confusion
Urea Nitrogen
Respiratory Rate
Blood pressure
age 65 yrs and older
what is the treatment regimen for a patient with latent tuberculosis?
treat the patient with antibiotics
what are the antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis?
Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampin
what is the antibiotic treatment for pertussis?
azithromycin
For patients that have an HIV infection, have been in close contact with someone who has TB, organ transplant recipients, or are immunocompromised—what induration size is considered a positive TB test?
greater than or equal to 5mm
For patients that are healthcare workers, a resident in a healthcare facility, or belong to a medically underserved population, under 4 yrs, or is a recent immigrant—what induration size is considered a positive TB test?
greater than or equal to 10 mm
For all patients that are healthy with no risk factors, what induration size is considered a positive TB test?
greater than or equal to 15 mm
short acting muscarinic agonist end in what?
end in “ium”
also “late” for glycopyrrolate
example: ipratropium
