Respiratory system Review

Question 1

what is the first line treatment for community acquired pneumonia WITHOUT comorbdities?

Answer 1

Amoxicillin 1 g three times a day

Question 2

what are two other antibiotics that can be used to treat community-acquired pneumonia WITHOUT comorbidities?

Answer 2

Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily and a Macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin

Question 3

what antibiotic monotherapy drug is recommended for a patient with comorbidities such as HTN, DM, COPD,etc?

Answer 3

Fluroquinolone (levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin)

Question 4

what antibiotic combination therapy drugs are recommended for a patient with comorbidities?

Answer 4

Augmentin/Cefpodoxime/Cefuroxime PLUS a macrolide (Azithromycin, clarithromycin or doxycycline)

Question 5

About how many days should a patient with CAP be treated with antibiotics for?

Answer 5

5 to 10 days

Question 6

what is the gold standard for diagnosing COPD?

Answer 6

Spirometry

Question 7

what is the range for diagnosing COPD with a post-bronchodilator ?

Answer 7

A FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.7

basically the patient doesn’t improve with use of a bronchodilator

Question 8

what is the lung cancer screening recommendation?

Answer 8

screen anyone who has smoked or ever smoke for adults ages 50 to 80 who have a 20 pack a year smoking history with a low dose CT scan. Also screen candidates for lung cancer who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 yrs.

Question 9

Vesicular breath sounds are heard where?

Answer 9

lower lobes

Question 10

Bronchial breath sounds are heard where?

Answer 10

upper lobes

Question 11

what does this mean:
Amount of air that a person can forcefully exhale in 1 second.

Answer 11

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

Question 12

what does this mean:
Total amount of air that can be exhaled during the FEV1 test

Answer 12

Forced vital capacity

Question 13

when you hear rust colored sputum, what organism should you think of?

Answer 13

streptococcus pneumoniae (gram-positive)

Question 14

what is the first line medication for asthma treatment?

Answer 14

inhaled corticosteroid plus saba prn

Question 15

what is the most common pathogen of CAP?

Answer 15

streptococcus pneumonia

Question 16

what antibiotic is not recommended apart of combination or monotherapy for patients with comorbidities who have CAP?

Answer 16

doxycycline

Question 17

what does the CURB-65 severity scoring tool mean?

Answer 17

it assess five factors associated with increased mortality in community acquired pneumonia :
Confusion
Urea Nitrogen
Respiratory Rate
Blood pressure
age 65 yrs and older

Question 18

what is the treatment regimen for a patient with latent tuberculosis?

Answer 18

treat the patient with antibiotics

Question 19

what are the antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis?

Answer 19

Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampin

Question 20

what is the antibiotic treatment for pertussis?

Answer 20

azithromycin

Question 21

For patients that have an HIV infection, have been in close contact with someone who has TB, organ transplant recipients, or are immunocompromised—what induration size is considered a positive TB test?

Answer 21

greater than or equal to 5mm

Question 22

For patients that are healthcare workers, a resident in a healthcare facility, or belong to a medically underserved population, under 4 yrs, or is a recent immigrant—what induration size is considered a positive TB test?

Answer 22

greater than or equal to 10 mm

Question 23

For all patients that are healthy with no risk factors, what induration size is considered a positive TB test?

Answer 23

greater than or equal to 15 mm

Question 24

short acting muscarinic agonist end in what?

Answer 24

end in “ium”
also “late” for glycopyrrolate
example: ipratropium

Question 25

what is the first line management for COPD?

Answer 25

SABA or SAMA prn

Question 26

what does inhaled corticosteroids end in?

Answer 26

end in “one”
examples: fluticasone, mometasone, budesonide

Question 27

what is tactile fremitus?

Answer 27

also called vocal fremitus, it is palpation of the chest wall to detect changes in the intensity of vibrations created with certain spoken words in a constant tone and voice indicating underlying lung pathology

Question 28

how are vocal sounds in a patient with suspected bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 28

increased vocal sounds are noted during palpation of the chest